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与动物有关的英语成语

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与动物有关的英语成语

1. as busy as a bee.忙碌至极

2. as merry as a cricket/grig.非常高兴;非常快活。 3. as slippery as an eel.油滑;不可靠。 4. at one fell swoop.一举;一下子;刹那之间。 5. beard the lion 捋虎须;奋勇还击;在太岁头上动土。 6. bell the cat.猫脖子拴铃铛;为了大家的利益承担风险。 7. bird of passage.漂泊不定的人。 8. birds of feather.一丘之貉。

9. black sheep.败家子;害群之马;无用之辈。 10. dark horse.黑马;竞争中出人意料的获胜者。 11. break a butterfly on a wheel.小题大做;杀鸡用牛刀。 12. buy a pig in a poke 买下没有看的东西;隔山买老牛。 13. a pig in a poke 上当之货。

14. by/on shanks’s mare. 骑两脚马----徒步,步行。

15. cannot make a silk purse out of a sow’ ear.朽木不可雕也。坏材料做不出好东西。 16. cannot say bo/both/boo to a goose. 胆小如鼠。 17. cast peals before swine.明珠暗投;对牛弹琴。 18. cast sheep’s eyes 送秋波;抛媚眼;以目传情。

19. the cat among the pigeons. 猫在鸽群中---人为刀俎,我为鱼肉。 20. cat’s paw. 被人当爪牙利用的人;受人愚弄的人。 21. a cock-and-bull story.无稽之谈;荒诞的故事。 22. cock-a-hoop.(俚)得意扬扬;自鸣得意。 23. cock of the walk. 称王称霸的人。

24. don’t count one’s chickens before they are hatched.不要过早乐观。 25. Don’t count your chickens!不要打如意算盘。 26. crocodile tears.假慈悲。

27. cry wolf.发假警报。

28. dog in the manger.自己不干也不让别人干;自己能享受也不让别人享受的人。 29. dog’s life.悲惨的景况。

30. lead a dog’s life.过者悲惨的生活。 31. dog-tired.累极了;疲惫之至。

32. donkey-work 沉重的苦活儿;呆板的例行工作。 33. donkey’s years 多年;很久。

34. drink like a fish.大饮;牛饮;狂饮;酩酊大醉。

35. even a worm will turn.人急造反,狗急跳墙;人急了也会咬人。 36. an/one’s ewe lamb.唯一的宝贝;唯一的孩子;最珍贵的东西。

37. fine feathers make fine birds.人配衣裳,马配鞍;(讽刺)好的衣裳只能打扮出一个好的外表。

38. fish out of water.离水之鱼;不得其所;感到生疏,不适应。 39. flog a dead horse.徒劳;白费力气;事后再做无益的议论。 40. fly in the face of 公然违抗;悍然不顾。

41. fly in the ointment. 一粒老鼠屎坏了一锅汤;美中不足之处;使人扫兴的小事。 42. fly on the wheel. 狂妄自大的人; 盲目自大的人。 43. get one’s monkey up.生气;发脾气。

44. get someone’s goat.(俚)触怒某人;惹某人发火;使某人失去自制力。 45. give someone the bird. 喝倒彩。 46. get the (big) bird.喝倒彩。

47. go to the dogs.毁灭;失败;堕落;江河日下。 48. gone coon.不可救药的人;没有希望的人。 49. gone goose. (同上)

50. grin like a Cheshire cat.咧嘴傻笑。

51. white elephant.无用的而且累赘的赠品;沉重的负担。 52. wild-goose chase. 徒劳的搜索;无益的追求。

53. wild horse would/could not drag it from/out of some.休想从某人那里探到口风;无论使用什么手段,不能从某人那里探听到虚实。

54. a wolf in sheep’s clothing.披着羊皮的狼;口蜜腹剑的人。 55. ugly ducking.丑小鸭。

56. take a hair of the dog that bite you.以毒攻毒。

57. talk the hind leg off a donkey/horse/dog..唠叨不休;说的天花乱坠。 58. talk a dog’s hind leg off.(同上)

59. till/until the cows come home.遥遥无期;无限期。

60. hang-dog look.卑鄙的摸样;惭愧的脸色;垂头丧气的样子。

61. have a bee in one’s bonnet/head/brain.胡思乱想;想入非非;有某种根深蒂固的怪念头。 62. horse-play 胡闹;恶作剧;闹哄哄的游戏。 63. keep the wolf from the door.勉强度日;免于饥饿。 . kettle of fish.糟糕透顶;乱七八糟。

65. kill the goose that lays the golden eggs.杀鸡取卵;竭泽而渔。 66. kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕;一举两得。 67. lame duck 损坏的东西;落选的议员;可怜虫。 68. let the cat out of the bag.露出马脚;泄露秘密。 69. let sleeping dog lie.莫惹是非。 70. wake a sleeping dog.惹是生非。

71. like a bull in a china shop.非常笨拙卤莽。 72. like a red rag to/at a bull.使人生气的事。

73. like water off/on a duck’ back.不起作用;毫无作用;漠不关心;犹如耳旁风。 74. lion in the path/way.难点;拦路虎。 75. lion’s share.最大和最好的部分。

76. a little bird told me.有人私下告诉我;我自然知道;我不告诉你我是怎么知道的。 77. live like fighting cock.丰衣足食的日子。 78. the loaves and fishes.物质利益。

79. cock the stable door after the horse is stolen. 亡羊补牢 80. 80.look a gift horse in the mouth.对…..吹毛求疵。 81. look like a dying duck in a thunderstorm.惊慌失措。 82. mad as a March hare.疯疯癫癫。

83. neither fish nor fowl.不伦不类;非驴非马。

84. not to have/stand a dog’s chance.毫无机会;毫无希望。 85. one-horse show.规模很小的;简陋的。 86. other fish to fry.另有要事;有更重要的事要干。 87. pull dog, pull cat.激烈的比赛;加把劲。

88. put/set the cart before the horse.本末倒置;到行逆施。 . queer fish.怪人;疯子。 90. rain cats and dogs.倾盆大雨。

91. scotch the snake.使危险的东西不能为害。 92. see how the cat jumps.观望形势;窥探虚实。 93. wait for the cat to jump. (同上) 94. see which way the cat jumps. (同上) 95. find out which way the cat has jump. (同上) 96. (as) sick as a cat/dog.病危;生大病。 97. smell a rat.发觉可疑之处;感到事情不妙。

98. throw a sprat to catch a mackerel/whale.出小本,赚大钱;吃小亏占大便宜。 99. swan song.临死哀歌;绝笔;最后的演出。

horse and horse 并驾齐驱、旗鼓相当 ride the high horse 趾高气扬 strong as a horse 精力充沛

1. The old car is really a white elephant. 累赘 2. The leading actor always gets the lion’s share of the applause. 最多的 3. Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌 4. tiger-backed and bear-lioned. 虎背熊腰 5. When two ride on one horse, one must sit behind. 一山难容二虎 6. Lively as a dragon or a tiger. 生龙活虎 7. The police dogged him for a whole month. 跟踪 8. Don’t monkey the TV. 瞎弄

9. It’s well said, but who will bell the cat. 冒这个风险 10. Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意时 11. It’s raining cats and dogs. 正下倾盆大雨 12. Let the cat out of the bag. 泄露天机 13. Let sleeping dogs lie. 别若麻烦

由于中西方的社会文化存在着很大的差异,其语言也必然会有很大的差别。语言离不开文化,文化也离不开语言。本文就英汉成语或谚语对译的几个实例,来谈谈两种语言在成语或谚语中所存在的文化差异。

1. 与动物有关的成语或谚语英汉不尽相同

1)他壮得像头牛。He is as strong as a horse. (牛—马) 2)她胆小如鼠。She is as timid as a hare.(鼠—兔) 3)养虎遗患: Warm a snake in one's bosom.(虎—蛇) 4)瓮中之鳖: Like a rat in a hole. (鳖—鼠) 5)害群之马: Black sheep. (马—羊)

6)对牛弹琴: Cast pearls before swine. (牛—猪) 7)落汤鸡/落水狗:Like a drowned mouse.(鸡/狗—鼠) 8)热锅上的蚂蚁: Like a cat on hot bricks.(蚂蚁—猫)

9)宁为鸡头,毋为牛后: Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. (鸡—狗,牛—狮)

由此可见,中国成语中的动物在英语成语中已不属于同一动物了。 2. 与颜色有关的成语或谚语英汉也不尽相同

在颜色的作用上,有相同点。比如,红色(red),无论是在英语国家,还是在中国,往往都与庆祝活动和喜庆日子有关。如中国有“开门红”,代表着好运气。英语有“red-letter

days”(纪念日,喜庆日)等。但更多的还是有不同点,而且两种语言在颜色的意义上也有区别。如“黄色”(yellow),在西方黄色表示懦弱,胆小,不敢面对现实。而在中国,黄色是帝王的象征。只有皇帝才配着黄色。再如“蓝色”(blue),在英语中通常表示不快活,心情不好。如:

1) He is blue today because his father is ill. 他今天心情不好,因为他父亲病了。 而在中国,“蓝色”仅仅表示颜色而已,似乎没有不快活的意思。再如: 2) He has a green thumb. 他擅长园艺工作。(不是“他有一个绿色的大拇指”。) 其他颜色词语也发生了改变。如: black tea 红茶(不是“黑茶”) brown sugar 红糖(不是“棕色”糖) green-eyed 红眼病(不是“绿眼病”) blue films 黄色电影(不是“yellow films”) purple with anger 脸色铁青(不是“脸色发紫”)

black and blue 青一块,紫一块(不是“黑一块,蓝一块”) 另外,在英语中,有些颜色词已经失去了原意。如: black art 巫术(不是“黑色的艺术”) black cattle 肉牛(不是“黑牛”) black mail 勒索行为(不是“黑色邮件”) black-letter day 不吉利的日子 red hand 血手(不是“红手”) white hair boy 宠儿(不是“白发童”) white lie 善意的谎言(不是“白色的谎言”)

white day 吉利之日(不是“白色的日子”) 3. 与数字有关的成语或谚语英汉也不尽相同

以数词表达的成语、谚语在英汉两种语言中似乎也不少。但数字往往不是对等的。例如:Before his marriage, his room was often at sixes and sevens. 结婚前,他的房间总是乱七八糟的。(不是“乱六乱七”)

She is a beautiful girl in a thousand. 她是一个百里挑一的美丽姑娘。(不是“千里挑一”) Why do you always come at the eleventh hour and keep everyone waiting for you? 为什么总是姗姗来迟,让大家等你?(不是“第11点钟”)

His father is a three-bottle man. 他父亲是一个大“酒桶”。(不是“3瓶酒”) 其他的例子还有:

半斤八两:six of one and half a dozen of the other 十月怀胎:a woman in the sixth month 十有:ten to one

可见,成语、谚语中的数字都有所改变。 4. 有些成语或谚语英汉没有对应形式

山中无老虎,猴子称霸王。Among the blind people, the one-eyed man is the king. 鸡窝里飞出金凤凰。 Even a black lays a white egg. 新官上任三把火。 A new broom sweeps clean. 人不可貌相。 You can't judge a tree by its bark. 见风使舵。See which way the cat jumps. 倾盆大雨。 It rains cats and dogs.

一贫如洗 (穷光蛋)Poor like a church mouse.

度日如年 donkey years

班门弄斧。Never offer to teach fish to swim. 三伏天 dog days

以上我们分别介绍了英汉两种语言的一些成语、谚语的表达方法,从中我们不难看出两种语言的文化差异是相当明显的。因此,我们在外语学习中切忌“望文生义”,按照本民族的语言文化去“生搬硬套”另一个民族的语言文化。这样做是非常有害的。

一箭双雕

kill two birds with one stone 指鹿为马

Calling a Stag a Horse 谈虎色变

Turn pale at the mention of a tiger 老马识途

An Old Horse Knows the Way 闻鸡起舞

Sword Practice at Cock-Crow 鼠目寸光

be shortsighted 金蝉脱壳

escape unnoticed 飞禽走兽

birds and beasts

Barking dogs seldom bite.吠犬不咬人(意指:对于高声发出恐吓,或惯于大声吼叫的人,勿须当真)。

Every dog has his day.凡人皆有得意日(意指:大家都有走运的一天)。

Dog does not eat dog.同类不相残;同室不操戈

As well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb.偷羊偷羔都是绞(死);偷大偷小统是贼(意指:一不做,二不休)。

There’s a black sheep in every flock.每一羊群里都会有一只黑羊,丑儿子家家有(意指:每个家里都会有个败家子。)

He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘心做绵羊,早晚喂豹狼(人弱受人欺)。

The sheep who talks peace with a wolf will soon be mutton.羊向狼乞求和平,很快就会变成羊肉(意指,切勿向敌人乞求和平)

birds of feather.一丘之貉 black sheep.害群之马

break a butterfly on a wheel.小题大做 cast peals before swine.明珠暗投

the cat among the pigeons. 人为刀俎,我为鱼肉 even a worm will turn.狗急跳墙 go to the dogs.江河日下

love me love my dog.爱屋及乌

take a hair of the dog that bite you.以毒攻毒

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs.杀鸡取卵 kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕 wake a sleeping dog.惹是生非

look a gift horse in the mouth.吹毛求疵 neither fish nor fowl.不伦不类

put/set the cart before the horse.本末倒置

look like a dying duck in a thunderstorm.惊慌失措

英语中有关动物的谚语(上) 1.Bird

(1) Kill two birds with one stone. 一箭双雕;一举两得。

(2) A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。 (3) Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚,人以群分。 (4) It’s an ill bird that fouls own nest. 家丑不可外扬。 (5) Fine feathers make fine birds. 人要衣装,马要鞍。

(6) A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk. 听音识鸟,闻言识人。 (7) Each bird loves to hear himself sing. 鸟儿都爱听自己唱。(自我欣赏)

(8) You cannot catch old birds with chaff.(粗糠). 用粗糠捉不住老鸟。(有经验的人难骗。) (9) Birds in their little nests agree. 同巢之鸟心儿齐。 2. Cat

(1) A cat has nine lives.猫有九条命;吉人天相。 (2) Cats hide their claws. 知人知面不知心。

(3) All cats are grey in the dark.. 黑暗之中猫都是灰色的。(人未出名时看起来都差不多。) (4) A gloved cat catches no mice. 戴手套的猫,老鼠抓不到。(不愿吃苦的人成不了大事业。) (5) When the weasel and the cat make a marriage, it is a very ill presage. 黄鼠狼和猫结亲,不是好事情。)

(6) Who will bwll the cat? 谁去给猫系铃?(谁愿意为大家冒风险?)

(7) The cat shuts its eyes when stealing cream. 帽偷吃奶油的时候总是闭着眼睛。(掩耳盗铃) (8) There are more ways of killing a cat than by choking it with butter. 杀猫的办法很多。(达到目的的途径很多。)

(9) Care kill a cat. 忧虑愁死猫。

3. Chicken

(1) Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched. 鸡蛋未孵出,先别数小鸡。(不要过早乐观。) 4. Crow

(1) A crow is never the whiter for washing herself often. 江山易改,本性难移。 5. Dog

(1) He who would hang his dog gives out first that it is mad. 欲加之罪,何患无词. (2) A staff is quickly found to beat a dog with. 欲加之罪,何患无词. (3) Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌.

(4) Too much pudding will choke a dog. 布丁太多噎死狗。 (5) Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意时。

(6) Barking dogs don’t (seldom) bite. 爱叫的狗很少咬人。 (7) Let sleeping dogs lie. 勿惹事生非。 (8) Dead dogs bite not. 死狗不咬人。

(9) All are not thieves that dogs bark at. 狗见了叫的不一定都是贼。(不要以貌取人。) (10) Every dog is a lion at home. 狗在家门口就成了狮子。

(11) Don’t be a dog (lying) in the manger. 莫学狗占马槽不吃草。(不要占着茅坑不拉屎。) (12) Dog does not eat dog. 同类不相残。

(13) Scornful dogs will eat dirty puddings. 狗再傲慢也会吃脏布丁。

(14) A son never thinks his mother ugly,and a dog never shuns its owner’s home however shabby it is.儿不嫌母丑,狗不嫌家贫。 6. Frog

(1) The frog in the well knows nothing of the great ocean. 井底之蛙,不知大海。 7. Fox

(1) The fox may grow grey, but never good. 狐狸毛色可变灰,但是本性难移。 (2) The fox preys farthest from his hole. 狐狸捕食,远离洞府。(兔子不吃窝边草。) (3) When the fox preaches, then take care of your geese. 每当狐狸说教,当心鹅群被盗。

(4) When the fox says he is a vegetarian, it’s time for the hen to look out. 狐狸说它吃素的时候,母鸡就得注意。

英语中有关动物的谚语(下)

8. Fish

(1) The best fish swim near the bottom. 好鱼常在水底游。

(2) Never offer to teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧。

(3) Go to the sea, if you would fish well. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。

(4) There’s as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it. 海里的好鱼多的是。

(5) It is a silly fish that is caught twice with the same bait. 智者不上两次档。

(6) If water is noisy, there are no fish in it. 咆哮的水中无鱼。(夸夸其谈者无真才实学。)。

9. Hare

(1) You cannot run with the hare and hunt with the hounds(猎狗). 不能既和野兔一起跑又和猎狗一起追。(人不应两面讨好。)

(2) The tortoise wins the race while the hare is sleeping. 兔子睡懒觉,乌龟跑赢了。

10. Horse

(1) You can take a horse to the water, but you can’t make him drink. 带马到河边容易,逼马饮水难。

(2) Don’t ride the high horse. 勿摆架子。

(3) A good horse cannot be of a bad colour. 好马不会毛色差。

(4) A horse may stumble on four feet. 马有四条腿,亦有失蹄时。

(5) A running horse needs no spur. 奔马无需鞭策。

(6) Don’t put the cart before the horse. 不要将大车套在马前面。(处理问题应按先后次序,不要本末倒置。)

(7) The common horse is worst shod. 公用之马,掌子最差。

(8) Lock the barn door after the horse is stolen. 失马之后锁马厩。(亡羊补牢)

(9) Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth. 馈赠之马,勿看牙口。

(10) Hair by hair you will pull out the horse’s tail. 一根一根拔,拔光马尾巴。(水滴石穿)

11 . Mouse

(1) It is a poor mouse that has only one hole. 狡兔三窟。

(2) The mouse that has but one hole is quickly taken. 只有一个洞的老鼠,很快就被抓住。

(3) A speck of mouse dung will spoil a whole pot of porridge. 一粒老鼠屎,坏了一锅粥。

12. Sheep

(1) If one sheep leaps over the ditch, all the rest will follow. 榜样的力量是无穷的。

(2) A lazy sheep thinks its wool heavy. 懒羊嫌毛重。

(3) He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘心做绵羊,必然喂豺狼。

13.Swallow

(1) One swallow does not make a spring. 孤燕不报春。

(2) One swallow does not make a summer. 一燕不成夏。

14. Tiger

(1) If you don’t enter a tiger’s den, you can’t get his cubs. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。

15. Wolf

(1) Don’t trust a goat with the kitchen-garden,or a wolf with sheepfold. 不能请羊管菜园,不能请狼管羊圈。

(2) Who keeps company with wolves, will learn to howl. 和狼在一起,就会学狼叫。

(3) Man is a wolf to man. 人对人是狼。(人心狠,人吃人)

(4) A growing youth has a wolf in his belly. 年轻人,在成长

英语中有关动物的谚语(上) 1.Bird

(1) Kill two birds with one stone. 一箭双雕;一举两得。

(2) A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。 (3) Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚,人以群分。 (4) It’s an ill bird that fouls own nest. 家丑不可外扬。 (5) Fine feathers make fine birds. 人要衣装,马要鞍。

(6) A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk. 听音识鸟,闻言识人。 (7) Each bird loves to hear himself sing. 鸟儿都爱听自己唱。(自我欣赏)

(8) You cannot catch old birds with chaff.(粗糠). 用粗糠捉不住老鸟。(有经验的人难骗。)

(9) Birds in their little nests agree. 同巢之鸟心儿齐。

2. Cat

(1) A cat has nine lives.猫有九条命;吉人天相。 (2) Cats hide their claws. 知人知面不知心。

(3) All cats are grey in the dark.. 黑暗之中猫都是灰色的。(人未出名时看起来都差不多。)

(4) A gloved cat catches no mice. 戴手套的猫,老鼠抓不到。(不愿吃苦的人成不了大事业。)

(5) When the weasel and the cat make a marriage, it is a very ill presage. 黄鼠狼和猫结亲,不是好事情。)

(6) Who will bwll the cat? 谁去给猫系铃?(谁愿意为大家冒风险?)

(7) The cat shuts its eyes when stealing cream. 帽偷吃奶油的时候总是闭着眼睛。(掩耳盗铃)

(8) There are more ways of killing a cat than by choking it with butter. 杀猫的办法很多。(达到目的的途径很多。) (9) Care kill a cat. 忧虑愁死猫。

3. Chicken

(1) Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched. 鸡蛋未孵出,先别数小鸡。(不要过早乐观。)

4. Crow

(1) A crow is never the whiter for washing herself often. 江山易改,本性难移。

5. Dog

(1) He who would hang his dog gives out first that it is mad. 欲加之罪,何患无词.

(2) A staff is quickly found to beat a dog with. 欲加之罪,何患无词. (3) Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌.

(4) Too much pudding will choke a dog. 布丁太多噎死狗。 (5) Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意时。

(6) Barking dogs don’t (seldom) bite. 爱叫的狗很少咬人。 (7) Let sleeping dogs lie. 勿惹事生非。 (8) Dead dogs bite not. 死狗不咬人。

(9) All are not thieves that dogs bark at. 狗见了叫的不一定都是贼。(不要以貌取人。)

(10) Every dog is a lion at home. 狗在家门口就成了狮子。

(11) Don’t be a dog (lying) in the manger. 莫学狗占马槽不吃草。(不要占着茅坑不拉屎。)

(12) Dog does not eat dog. 同类不相残。

(13) Scornful dogs will eat dirty puddings. 狗再傲慢也会吃脏布丁。

(14) A son never thinks his mother ugly,and a dog never shuns its owner’s home however shabby it is.儿不嫌母丑,狗不嫌家贫。

6. Frog

(1) The frog in the well knows nothing of the great ocean. 井底之蛙,不知大海。

7. Fox

(1) The fox may grow grey, but never good. 狐狸毛色可变灰,但是本性难移。 (2) The fox preys farthest from his hole. 狐狸捕食,远离洞府。(兔子不吃窝边草。)

(3) When the fox preaches, then take care of your geese. 每当狐狸说教,当心鹅群被盗。

(4) When the fox says he is a vegetarian, it’s time for the hen to look out. 狐狸说它吃素的时候,母鸡就得注意。

英语中有关动物的谚语(下)

8. Fish

(1) The best fish swim near the bottom. 好鱼常在水底游。

(2) Never offer to teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧。

(3) Go to the sea, if you would fish well. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。

(4) There’s as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it. 海里的好鱼多的是。

(5) It is a silly fish that is caught twice with the same bait. 智者不上两次档。

(6) If water is noisy, there are no fish in it. 咆哮的水中无鱼。(夸夸其谈者无真才实学。)。

9. Hare

(1) You cannot run with the hare and hunt with the hounds(猎狗). 不能既和野兔一起跑又和猎狗一起追。(人不应两面讨好。)

(2) The tortoise wins the race while the hare is sleeping. 兔子睡懒觉,乌龟跑赢了。

10. Horse

(1) You can take a horse to the water, but you can’t make him drink. 带马到河

边容易,逼马饮水难。

(2) Don’t ride the high horse. 勿摆架子。

(3) A good horse cannot be of a bad colour. 好马不会毛色差。

(4) A horse may stumble on four feet. 马有四条腿,亦有失蹄时。

(5) A running horse needs no spur. 奔马无需鞭策。

(6) Don’t put the cart before the horse. 不要将大车套在马前面。(处理问题应按先后次序,不要本末倒置。)

(7) The common horse is worst shod. 公用之马,掌子最差。

(8) Lock the barn door after the horse is stolen. 失马之后锁马厩。(亡羊补牢)

(9) Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth. 馈赠之马,勿看牙口。

(10) Hair by hair you will pull out the horse’s tail. 一根一根拔,拔光马尾巴。(水滴石穿)

11 . Mouse

(1) It is a poor mouse that has only one hole. 狡兔三窟。

(2) The mouse that has but one hole is quickly taken. 只有一个洞的老鼠,很快就被抓住。

(3) A speck of mouse dung will spoil a whole pot of porridge. 一粒老鼠屎,坏了一锅粥。

12. Sheep

(1) If one sheep leaps over the ditch, all the rest will follow. 榜样的力量是无穷的。

(2) A lazy sheep thinks its wool heavy. 懒羊嫌毛重。

(3) He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘心做绵羊,必然喂豺狼。

13.Swallow

(1) One swallow does not make a spring. 孤燕不报春。

(2) One swallow does not make a summer. 一燕不成夏。

14. Tiger

(1) If you don’t enter a tiger’s den, you can’t get his cubs. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。

15. Wolf

(1) Don’t trust a goat with the kitchen-garden,or a wolf with sheepfold. 不能请羊管菜园,不能请狼管羊圈。

(2) Who keeps company with wolves, will learn to howl. 和狼在一起,就会学狼叫。

(3) Man is a wolf to man. 人对人是狼。(人心狠,人吃人)

(4) A growing youth has a wolf in his belly. 年轻人,在成长,吃起饭来像饿狼

动物在英汉成语中的喻意对比

摘要:英语和汉语都有用动物设喻的成语,但由于文化思维习惯的差异而使英语和汉语中的成语对动物的设喻的不同。

关键词:动物;英汉成语;喻意;对比

作者简介:黄香香,兰州交通大学外国语学院教育硕士。

据(现代汉语词典)解释,成语是“人们长期以来习用的,形式简洁而意思精辟的定型的词组或短句。汉语的成语大多由四个字组成。

(汉英)译成语为set phrase;idiom。前者相当于“定型词组”,后者相当于“习语”,和成语的概念都不完全对等。但英语这两个词比较接近成语的意思,尤其是后者,经常作为成语的对应词。以下是几种动物在英语idiom里和汉语成语中的不同联想对比: 一、狗

狗对于英国人来说,既可以用来看门或打猎,也能作为人的伴侣和爱物。所以,英国人对狗一般不抱恶感,倒反而有感情。不过英国是受外来影响很大的语言,它的成语中狗的形象含有贬义的也有,但令人厌恶的、可鄙的含义不多,这和汉语是大不一样的。

英语口语里以“dog”指人很平常,汉语就不行。“Dog”不过是“家伙”的意思,本身并无贬义,视其前面的形容词不同而具有不同的含义,例如a lucky dog(幸运儿),a gay dog(喜欢玩乐的人),a surly dog(性情古怪的人),a dumb dog(沉默不语的人),a dirty dog(坏蛋)等。单独用“dog”指“坏蛋”,“废物”是旧用法。不过在口语里,dog有时也指“社会上不太体面的人”。如:He was a bit of a dog in his younger days。但“hot dog”却是夹在面包中吃的红香肠。此外,a dead dog(毫无价值的东西,废物),a dog in the manger(占着茅坑不拉屎的人)都

有一定的贬义。Lead a dog’s life(过着令人烦恼的生活),die a dog’s death, die like a dog (死得可鄙或可悲),go to the dogs (堕落,毁灭),let sleeping dogs lie (不要惹是生非)等成语中“dog”的形象也都不好。但是,help a lame dog over a stile(助人渡过难关)中的“dog”是值得同情的对象。Love me, love my dog(把我的朋友看作你的朋友)中的“dog”则是人的朋友。 从以上的例子可以明显地看出英语与汉语成语体现的不同民族习惯。汉语里狗是卑贱的动物,狗用来指人就是骂人,如“走狗”;在名词前加“狗”一律具有贬义,如“狗东西”、“狗腿子”。汉语成语中,狗的形象也是绝大多数都有贬义,如“狗仗人势”、“狗咬吕洞宾”、“狐群狗党”、“鼠窃狗盗”、“狗彘不如”,甚至身体任何部分与狗联系都是贬义,如“狗头军师”、“狼心狗肺”、“狗血喷头”、“狗尾续貂”、“狗嘴里吐不出象牙”等等,难怪人们一听“狗”字就会感到不是好事,甚至“落水狗”和“丧家之犬”都非但不值得同情,反而应当痛打和憎恨。

狗的形象坏到如此程度,和上述英语的情况对比起来,差距确实是很大的。这就在翻译上造成一定的困难,把“打落水狗”译成beat a dog in the water。把“丧家之狗“ 译成a homeless or stray dog,如无上下文解释其意,则非但传达汉语的本意,反而有可能在英国读者心中引起与愿意不相符的同情之感。可见,了解成语的民族文化背景是很重要的。 二、马

英语里用“horse”构成的成语也很多,只能就设喻问题,也就是以“horse”作喻体所比喻的意义略加论述,不可能列举它构成的所有成语和谚语。 首先就马的颜色看,dark horse(黑马)原指赛马时不为人所知而获胜者或实力难料的竞争者。White horse则泛指意想不到的获胜者或实力难以预料的竞争者。White horse则和马毫无关系,指海上的白浪,即泡沫翻腾的浪峰;horse of another colour是“完全不同的另一回事”。Grey mare (灰色的母马)比喻支配丈夫的妻子,因此形成谚语 the grey mare is the better horse,指“妻子当家”。

Iron horse在口语中指“火车头”“自行车”,比较汉语的“铁牛”,指“拖拉机”。汉语里含有牛的成语比含有马的成语多。奇怪的是,salt horse 指的是“咸的或腌的牛肉”,腌与马没关系,是海员的行话。a willing horse指“肯干的人”,是比较“俯首甘为孺子牛”(Headbowed,like a willing ox I serve the children)。A dead horse有两方面的意义,一指事先已付报酬的工作,由此构成work for a dead horse(干得不到好处的事),pay for a dead horse(花冤枉钱)等成语;另一意指已解决的问题或事情,由此构成flog a dead horse(徒劳,白费力)。此外,口语中用于命令句的hold your horses(停会儿,别忙), 新闻文章中用的swap horses in midstream(中流换马)以及来自赛马的back the wrong horse(下错赌注) 也都比较常用。 上面提到英语有iron horse,而汉语有“铁牛”,horse与“牛”相对;下面再举英语用horse而汉语用“牛”设喻,意义相反的一对成语进行比较。英语是you can take a horse to the water but you cannot make him drink, 汉语是”牛不喝水强按头“。 我们来看下面例子:汉语以“马”构成的成语多与军事、象棋有关。来自军事的如“马到成功”,“马不停蹄”, “马首是瞻”;来自象棋的如“马后炮”,“马前足”等。 三、蝙蝠

英语的蝙蝠(bat)预示不祥,与中国人的观点不同。英国人形容眼睛看不见会说as blind as a bat, 形容疯癫古怪会说as crazy as a bat。英语成语 have bats in the belfry的意思是“发痴;异想天开”,可见其喻义都不好。

中国人由于“蝠”与“福”同音而认为它是吉祥的象征,又由于“鹿”与“禄”同音,所以蝙蝠和鹿在一起构图正合着福禄两字,成了民俗年画的题材,很能代表中国文化。

对中国人来说,预示不祥的鸟是猫头鹰(owl)而不是蝙蝠。英国人认为蝙蝠是的动物与欧洲的民间传说有关,英语的vampire bat(吸血鬼)更是令人不寒而栗。所以,bat总是与罪恶和黑暗势力联系在一起的。

四、杜鹃

杜鹃(cuckoo)又称布谷,子规。它在汉语里有两种喻义,一为象征春天的来临,如“布谷崔春”,另一是使人联想到哀痛,如“杜鹃啼血”,“子规夜啼”,这可从唐诗中得到印证。白居易的《琵琶行》里有“其间旦暮闻何物,杜鹃啼血猿哀鸣。”李白的《蜀道难》里也有这样的句子:“又闻子规啼夜月,愁空山。” 第一个喻义与cuckoo相仿,后者也有此意,请看下面的诗句:The merry cuckoo,messenger of spring.His trumpet shrill hath thrice already sounded(E.Spencer).(愉快的布谷,春天的使者,他的号角已吹响了三遍。)

但cuckoo却没有杜鹃的第二个喻义。在俚语里它指“傻子,怪人,疯子,作形容词时意为“癫狂的,丧失理性的”。如be nearly cuckoo with rage“气得几乎发狂”。

由于雌杜鹃性喜易偶,英语里又派生出另一词cuckold,指妻子有外遇的男人。与此有联系,英语成语acuckoo in the nest指“不受欢迎的闯入者”。 五、龙

在英语和汉语里龙都是一种想象出来的动物,但是汉语里的龙和英语里的“dragon”却是截然不同的两种动物。汉语里的龙是古代传说中的一种神异动物身体长的有鳞,有角,能走,能飞,能游泳,会喷火,能兴云降雨。封建时代用龙作为帝王的象征,所以在中国成语里和龙有关系的成语很多,如龙飞风舞,龙马精神,龙盘虎踞,龙腾虎跃,龙凤呈祥,龙干凤雏等。而在英语里,在人们的概念中,龙是指一种有翅膀,能从口中吐火,形似鳄鱼的怪兽,另指强悍的妇女,老泼妇。在英语idiom里极少有和“dragon”有关的成语。 六、其他

以上可以看出英汉成语中的动物都可以起各种比喻作用。我们在来看几个例子,wolf (狼)在wake a sleeping wolf中指“麻烦的根源”,在hold a wolf by the ears中指“危险”,在a wolf in sheep’s clothing中指“恶人”,而在keep the wolf from the door中却指“饥饿”,这成语便是“免于饥饿或贫困”的意思。

Sheep(绵羊)和goat(山羊)在英语里的形象很不一样,这与《圣经》有关,它把前者比喻好人而后者比喻坏人,因此成语separate the sheep from the goats便是“把好人与坏人分开。可是,a black sheep却是“败家子”、“败类”的意思。

Snake(蛇)在 a snake in the grass中指“敌人”或“危险”,因此这个成语指“暗藏的敌人”或“隐患”,而raise(或wake) snake则是“引起骚动或争吵(汉语成语“打草惊蛇”)。另外在cherish a snake in one’s bosom(源自《伊索寓言》)中,snake却是指“恩将仇报的坏人”,这个成语指“姑息坏人”,“养虎殆患”。

一些成语中的动物形象完全只有比喻意义,只能意译。如:have other fish to fry(有别的事干),cook somebody’s goose(破坏某人的计划),rain cats and dogs(下倾盆大雨),这些成语中动词形象基本消失,如果直译就无法达意。所以,了解喻义是了解成语的钥匙,不可不重视。

蟋蟀(cricket)给英国人和中国人带来不同的感觉;英国人听见蟋蟀声感到舒适安详,中国人听到的感觉却是惆怅,这是因为英国人是在炉火边听到而中国人却是在深秋时听到。

Animal Idioms(有关动物的成语) 作者:Brookz

ass make an ass of oneself/somebody 干蠢事,出洋相, I made an ass of myself at the party.

bark bark up the wrong tree 弄错, She was barking up the wrong tree. bat be/have bats in the belfry 精神失常, She is bats in the belfry. blind as a bat 眼力不行, You must be as blind as a bat.

Like abat out of hell 如飞地, The motorbike came round the corner like a bat out of hell.

bee bee in one’s bonnet 想得入了迷, He has a bee in his bonnet about women wearing trousers in the office.

bee-line 两地之间最短距离, He made a bee-line for the bar. bee’s knees 专家,最好的人, She’s the bee’s knees. busy as a bee 忙忙录录, I’ve been as busy as a bee all day.

bug bitten by a bug 热衷于某事, He got bitten by the bug and took up the hobby himself.

bugged room 装有的房间, This room has been bugged by the CIA. bug somebody 故意烦扰, It really bugs me the way he keep drunning his fingers on the table.

litter bug 乱丢废物的人, The worst kind of litter bug is the person who throws sweet papers out of the window of a moving car.

calf calf/puppy love (少男少女)暂短爱情, It was only calf-love. kill the fatted calf 热烈款待, We’re going to kill the fatted calf for Alfred’s coming.

camel the last straw that breaks the camel’s back 不能使人忍受的最后一击, The final demand for payment of the gas bill was the last straw that broke the camel’s back.

Birds of a feather flock together.

物以类聚(同一种羽毛的鸟会聚在一起)

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 手中一鸟胜过林中二鸟(实际利益远胜虚幻的美梦) To kill two birds with one stone. 一石二鸟,一箭双?,一举两得

It is the early bird that catches the worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃(勤勉的人才能成功) Let the cat out of the bag. 泄露秘密(不小心让猫从袋里跑出来) Care killed the cat.

忧虑伤身(一猫虽有九条命,也能因忧虑致死) Love me,love my dog.

爱屋及屋(你如爱我,也该爱吾狗) Give a dog a bad name and hang him. 欲加之罪何患无辞(说狗不好就可以把?吊死) Let sleeping dogs lie. 少管闲事(勿惹睡狗) To lead a dog's life. 过牛马般的生活

To shed crocodile tears.

猫哭耗子,假慈悲(鳄鱼在吃猎物时据说会掉眼泪) Separate the sheep from the goats. 明是非,辨忠奸(要分哪些是绵羊,哪些是山羊) A wolf in sheep's clothing.

笑里藏刀的人(披着羊皮的狼)

To throw out a minnow to catch a whale.

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