最新英语非谓语动词用法详解
一、单项选择非谓语动词
1.127.Everything ______ into due consideration, she eventually decided to further her education at home.
A.having taken B.to be taken C.being taken D.taken
【答案】D
【解析】考查过去分词的主格结构。句意:考虑到一切,她最终决定继续在家接受教育。因为本题逗号前后没有连词,所以逗号前面不能是句子。故使用主格结构。因为everything与take into consideration构成被动关系,故使用过去分词的形式。故D正确。
【名师点睛】主格结构可以与状语从句互换。本句=\"After\" everything was taken into consideration.
主格结构,是由“名词或代词+现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语或副词短语”构成的一种结构。在该结构中,名词或代词与其后的部分构成逻辑上的主谓关系,用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。在句中作状语,表示“时间、条件、原因、伴随,方式或结果”等含义。其位置比较灵活,放于句首句末均可。
1. 名词(代词)+现在分词
The clock striking twelve, I went to bed.(表原因)
2. 名词(代词)+过去分词
He lay there on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast.(表伴随)
3. 名词(代词)+不定式
Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.(表伴随)
4. 名词(代词)+形容词短语
Her face pale with anger, she rose to go away.(表原因)
5. 名词(代词)+介词短语
Then, last night, I followed him here and climbed in, sword in hand.(表方式)
6. 名词(代词)+副词短语
Summer over, the students returned to school.(表原因)
7. 名词(代词)+名词短语
His first shot a failure, Tom fired again.(表原因)
2.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins, the city took on a new look.
A.reducing reduced
B.reduced C.being reduced D.having
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查动名词的被动语态。句意:就在遭遇一场大地震被夷为平地之后不久,这个城市呈现了新的面貌。此句中的“after”是介词,后面需要动名词,而且城市是被夷为平地,所以用动名词的被动语态。故选C项。
3.Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A.realizing B.realized
C.to realize D.being realized
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间,这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非谓语动词做状语,主语the boy与press是被动关系,但是与realize是主动,所以是现在分词做状语,选A。
4.Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _____the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.
A.Attend B.To attend C.Attending D.Having attended
【答案】C
【解析】
主句 .Distinguished guests and friends are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning非谓语动词作伴随状语。
5.Tsinghua University,________ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A.found B.founding C.founded D.to be founded
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意: 建立于1911年的清华大学是大量杰出人物的母校。Tsinghua University和found之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词作后置定语, 选C。
6.Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.
A.finding B.to find C.being found D.to have found
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析:考查不定式做结果状语。句意:Tom打的去了机场,结果却发现他要乘坐的飞机已经在空中了。不定式做状语时表示意料之外的结果。结合句意可知本题是一种意料之外的结果,故B正确。
考点:考查不定式做结果状语
7.(·陕西高考)I still remember________to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A.to take B.to be taken
C.taking D.being taken
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:我仍旧记得被带去法门寺和在那里看到的。remember to do sth.“记得要做某事(该动作未发生)”;remember doing sth.“记得做过某事(该动作已经发生)”。依据后文的“what I saw there”可知这里说的是记得已经发生的动作;再者take的宾语就是句子的主语,二者之间是动宾关系,应用被动形式,所以选being taken。故选D。
8. the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A.Find B.Finding
C.To find D.Found
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在发现课程非常难的同时,她决定转移到较低层次。find与主语是逻辑主谓关系,应使用现在分词,表主动和进行,做伴随状语。故选B。
【点睛】
首先要分析句子知道非谓语动词是做的什么成分,然后根据和修饰语的关系决定是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。这题是做伴随状语,she和find是主动关系,用现在分词做状语。
9.Life is a journey _____with hardships, joys and special moments.
A.filled B.to fill C.filling D.having filled
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词,句意:生命是一个充满艰辛,快乐和特别时刻的旅程。在题干中_with hardship做journey的后置定语,与所修饰的journey构成被动关系,所以使用过去分词filled。be filled with做定语的时候,可以把be去掉。也可以转换成定语从句。故选A。
10.Jack wasn’t appointed chairman of the committee, ______ not very popular with all its members.
A.to be considered
D.considered
B.considering C.having considered
【答案】D
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意:杰克没有被任命为委员会,考虑到他的所有成员都不太受欢迎。句中主语Jack和动词consider是被动关系指被别人考虑,用过去分词作状语,不用不定式或-ing形式,故选D.
11.The purpose of the new plan is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A.not make make
B.not to make C.not making D.do not
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。句意:新计划的目的是使生活更容易,而不是使生活更困难。not to make it more difficult是与to make it easier形成对比的否定结构,两者在句中作表语。故选B。
12.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he
gladly accepted it.
A.finished B.finishing
C.having finished D.was finished
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意John接到一张宴会的邀请,他的工作已经完成,他高兴地接受了。这里含有with复合结构,动作finish与his work之间是被动关系,故用过去分词,选A。
考点:考查with复合结构,X,K]
13.\"We can't go out in this weather, \"said Bob, _____ out of the window.
A.looking B.to look
C.looked D.having looked
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查现在分词做状语。句意:Bob看着窗外说:“这样的天气我们不能出去”。本句中look与said是同时进行,we与look之间构成主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。故选A。
14._______ with all sorts of affairs, the manager had little time to have a good sleep.
A.Occupying B.Being occupied
C.Occupied D.Having occupied
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:由于经理忙于各种事务,几乎没有时间好好睡一觉。“经理”和“占用”之间是被动关系,用过去分词作原因状语,故选C。
15.A great number of students ________ said they were forced to practice the piano.
A.to question B.to be questioned
C.questioned D.questioning
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查过去分词作定语。句意:很多被询问的学生都说他们是被迫去练钢琴的。students与question构成被动关系,表示被询问的学生。B项不定式表示将来,,而本句表示的是已经被询问。故选C项。
16.China National Women's Volleyball Team made great achievements, ______ them a symbol of the spirit of China.
A.to make B.having made C.made D.making
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:中国国家女排取得巨大成就,使得他们成为了中国精神的象
征。根据句意,__ them a symbol of the spirit of China是理所当然的结果,用现在分词表示理所当然的结果,且“make them a symbol of the spirit of China”这一动作不先于“made great achievements”这一动作,故不用完成时。故选D。
【点睛】
当分词做状语的时候,如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系,就使用现在分词做状语;当二者构成被动关系,使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前,就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系,可以使用状语从句或者主格结构。
17.(天津)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A.taking B.taken
C.being taken D.take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。
点睛:本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候,首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分,找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语,再分析二者之间的
关系,最后根据句意选择正确的答案。
18.. He dressed himself quickly and ___________ his schoolbag, went to school.
A.carried B.to carry C.carrying D.Carries
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:他快速地穿衣,带着他的书包,去上学。f分析句子成分可知,carry his schoolbag作伴随状语,做谓语动词went to school的伴随状语用现在分词。故选C。
19. the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
A.Find B.Finding
C.To find D.Found
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在发现课程非常难的同时,她决定转移到较低层次。find与主语是逻辑主谓关系,应使用现在分词,表主动和进行,做伴随状语。故选B。
【点睛】
首先要分析句子知道非谓语动词是做的什么成分,然后根据和修饰语的关系决定是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。这题是做伴随状语,she和find是主动关系,用现在分词做状语。
20.The players ________ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A.selecting B.to select
C.selected D.having selected
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。 句意:从全国各地挑选出来的运动员将在这场夏季比赛中为我们争光。分析句子可知,select与players在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用过去分词。故选C
项。