1. others viwed the finding with caution, nothing that a caused-and effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains to be showen.
2. Smoking is harmful to people’s health. Medical science has now proved that smoking can cause cancer and other disease such as emphysema .your chances of having a heart attack also increase the more of smoke .smoking is definitely a health hazard.
2.in my opinion ,three main factors account for such phenomenon
3.with the development of economy in comparsion with 4.first and foremost last but not least however as a result therefore moreover beside otherwise of course treat as
To start with ……. meanwhile=simultaneously= at the same time in a nutshell now that regardless of 不管不顾 recently rather than=instead of what’s worse let alone (更不必说) for instance 例如 apart from what’s more in reality emphasize further more more over 而且 forget it 休想 for the first time in addition to=as well as= besides=other than除…外
in other words=that is to say换句话说 qq penguin micromessage 8.more and more people, most of which are (哪些种类的人)+谓 9.(effective) measures should be taken to solve the problems
原因如下：on the following grounds A number of (countries) Of other（countries）In still others
10.Topic paragraph general statement limiting thesis statement
Explantation1 reason Explantation2 suggestion
On information explosion(题目)
As the popular saying goes,(引出) ”a wealth of information creates a
poverty of attention” Nowadays（everyday） we are in an era of Information explosion. More and more (quite a few = many, quite a litter = much , only a few = few only a little =little) people complain that they are lost in the information age. (优点)Admittedly, the new information age has brought us so much convenience that we are allowed to get plenty of information just with simple
click sitting in front of the computers. （缺点）Nevertheless, we are also confused, annoyed, distracted and upset by an incredibly large quantity of
information. For example ,when searching for something online ,people can be easily misguided by irrelevant information and forget their original plans. Besides, some information often turns out to be unless. Therefore, it may be time-consuming and troublesome to search information online. （conclusion）
Then what can we do to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information.?
Her are some useful tips: Firstly, make a list of what you really want before you searching. You can avoid some appealing yet irrelevant information in this way. Secondly, find some credible and professional sources or website s and then save and categorize them .In this way ,you can easily leave some
advertisements and useless information behind.（conclusion）
11.on a….scale 以………..的规模，以……..的范围
30%Discount 打7折 Doom’s day 世界末日 12. effective measures a lot of =endless 13.attach important to=emphasize
14.not just but ……as well (not only………but also)
15.一万多：estimate ten thousands /more than /over/about300 years 16.energy shortage 能源短缺 pupil=student
strong will and perseverance(坚持不懈)
17.all kinds of(种种)=more and more pose=result
18.the examples are as follows. Soon or later 迟早
15.it is never easy to resist temptation so as to form/develop good habits So as to不用于句首 in order that
appeal especially to the young people
16. enormously facilitated and enrich our lives.
17.fighting back temptation
reap the benefits from them in your whole life
18.However, good habits, once formed, will pay off in a life time
19.well-cultivated/well-designed
20. 如果on condition that family gathering 家庭聚会
21.according to the date =as the date from this survey show us that
22.It ‘s the custom to……..
23.while 然而（翻译）It’s recorded that 据记载
24. 原因如下：on the following grounds my suggestions to deal with these problem are as follow.
To begin with ,
25. the handicapped pegs away at（坚持不懈） doing exercise for standing up again
26.as the name indicates a series of noisy/bustle
27. The first and most foremost problems is…….what’s worse
28.customers are denied access to filing(提出) complaints, let alone (更不必说) asking for a refund.
On many occasions punished severely
29.It’s not until these two methods are put into practices that
30 Christmas day 相反的 on the contrary
31. when it comes to the topic of happiness (句中句末引出论点)
,everybody has his own interpretation=different people have different view 32.There is no denying/doubt that we will encounter many problems in our life . that doesn’t mean we are deprived of happiness.
There is no need for doing sth. Sb. have no/a need for/to do sth
There is no possibility to do sth /of doing sth/that…..
There is no question about (as to)sth/that毫无疑问
There on point/sense(in) doing sth
there is some doubt whether (对……有疑问)
there is no/a chance of doing sth /that
33.come into sight 展现在眼前 harmonious relationship
34.an inspiring idea goes that……….,which reveal the nature of
35.admittedly（公认的，无可否认的）=obviously
36.in some degree（某种程度）/to a large extent（很大程度）
37.arts and literature there are（翻译） two favorite themes in traditional Chinese paintings
38.these two themes can respectively（分别地）represent…….
39.看图作文模版：
1.from the drawing we can easily identify what the author intends to convey……… 2.the picture convincingly demonstrates the truth that……（句尾）
3.a double-edged sword （双刃剑）
4.（句首）what the drawing vividly depicts is that ……..the picture illustrates that………. However, as far as I am concerned…..、As is depicted in the picture As is vividly depicts in the picture above……. Given is a stimulating but throught-provoking cartoon…….apparently,the cartoon ironically demonstrates that…. Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean .
Such a remark draws our attention to the fact that…….
5.图表类：the bar chart shows us that the most striking contrast
6. The picture actually mirrors a common phenomenon that
40.we are not suppose to (shouldn’t) rely on the technology too much.
41.technology plays an important but not indispensable role in academic life.
42.only in this way ,can we benefit most from……..
43.Opinions on this phenomenon vary from person to person. taking into all account all of these opinions, we may reach the conclusion that……..
44.According to a recent survey, this phenomenon has cause wide public concern in many places of the world/field.
45.broad one’s horizon
46.Since the very beginning of the reform in1978 ,China has transformed/moved from a planned economy to an economy based on the market
and undergone/experienced a rapid development of economy and society. Have done(现在完成时) have been doing （现在完成进行时）have been done（现在完成时的被动）
47.nowdays=currently=now shorting=drawback=disadvantage 48.rise=grow=increase service industry(第三产业) 49.the solution to the environment and the social imbalance（不译） （解决环境和社会不平衡的问题 ） Thanks for your devotion (感谢您的奉献精神) 50. twenty twentieth twelfth twelve 51.poor performance reality=virtual world 52.suffer mental problems and physical collapse 53.definitely harmful in short step away from 54.I do hope the addicts can step away from online games. 55.primary concern be accustomed to=be used to 56.Our GDP has risen at an average annual rate (年均)10% 57.take one’s time慢慢来，悠着点that’s all right没关系，不要紧 放轻松 不急That’s right没错，就是那样 take it easy
it’s right 这是对的 make it 成功，及时到达，赶上，能参加 let alone不管，不理，放任 let it be 不管，听任 let her be 别打扰他 58. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.
59.have good taste(品味) 60.not long ago 不久以前 refer to 指的是
61.As an English saying goes…… what it reveals is that it is unwise to be/that 62.this proverb is applicable in our daily life. To begin with, 63.reduce the risk of unexpected and disastrous result especially when it comes to important events. .in this way以某种方式 on the way 在途中 in the way 妨碍，当道 by the way 顺便说说，顺便问一下 65.Backup=alternative 66.(nowdays)if sb. only focus on sth. Or others……and neglect/don’t sth. It is
more likely to…….in term of…….(主谓一致) Eg: .if a student only focuses on sports or other extracurricular activities and neglects his school study he is more likely to lag behind in term of academic performance. 67.environmental problem with the industrial revolution
out of the question =impossible out of question
67.It is not unusual to find that someone who is endowed with talent reduces to amediocre person. 68.as to this topic,Thomas Edison has made a famous remark-Genius is1%inspiration and 99%perspiration. 68.My view on this topic is in line with Edison’s remark.It is perspiration that makes a person become a talent and Thomas Edition himself is a wonderful example to interpret this precept.Born unintelligent, Edison was once identified as a mentally retarded student and deprived of being educated in school. However, with inconceivable effort,he was finally acknowledged as a top patentee, with no one outstripping him in the kingdom of invention.（example one） 69.In a word, despite the fact that inspiration is to a genius what motor is to an
auto,industry is what matters for a person to be successful. 70.Example two:Mandela was sentenced to 27years in jail,but he was optimistic and finally became successful in fighting against racial segregation. Three:Steve Jobs was abandoned by his biological parents and drop out of university but still managed to change the world. 71.In our lives, no one is definitely immune to problems,but we may achieve happiness through endeavouring. Therefore, it is of great necessiy to equip ourselves with the ability to cope with problems.To be more specific,we need to be cooperative,persistent and decisive. Only when we are proficient in dealing with problems,can we fully enjoy happiness and live a merry life. When it come to the topic of happiness(sth.),everybody has his own interpretation .but an inspiring idea goes that~~~~ ,which reveals the nature of +sth. deveioping the capacity to solve them. 72.Just as a proverb says “we never know the worth of water till the well dry,
That is to say,we won’t be conscious of how important something is until the moment we lose it,to avoid this, it’s advisable for us to stop enving others for what they have and to treasure what we have. 73.In comparsion with the text message usage,mobil QQ is much cheaper . User are only charged by the total network flow.as to micromessage, users can send free text messages. What’s more,this mobile instant messaging Technology also brings more convenience .with these mobile service,users do not need to type on the desktop computer or laptop.In consequence,without Worrying about the cell phone fees, users are able to enjoy the pleasure of instant chatting alsmost everywhere. 74.In spite of +n./pron./doing despite+n./pron./doing/-clause 75.by means of social foundation of study. One can become a qualified employee in the future. 76．The famous remark makes us understand that knowledge we have learnt
from books is of great importance/significance,while what is more important is to put it into practice. 77.practice is the sole criterion for testing truth,
Criterion:the most important criterion for assessment in this contest is originally of design.
No matter how brilliant knowledge is,it must be applied to practice so as to examine whether it will work or not.
What we should pay attention to is not only the comprehension of knowledge but also the application of it.Only through application can we know the truth of knowledge.
78.but despite
79.obvious,this picture can be naturally associate with the importance of doing small thing.
80.these laws and regulations may even be highly aggravating the problem
81.be directly linked to
82.gender discrimination is only one of many kinds of discrimination.
First-degree graduates 一流的毕业生
83.I believe ()I was not fairly considered and that the reason for that was my pregnancy or planned maternity leave.
84.take on a full-time job industrial fair gender discrimination
Vacany vacation vacate---------vac—空
Disposable chopsticks alleviate/relieve stress
Render my decision
It is a symbol of unity technological prgress
But far from being a message that is scripted by governmental advise ,it is a personal message written by the queen herself.
It is also an opportunity for……. National culture
harmonious society confirm their allegiance
I will cherish my visit with you together of evey minute,one second(每时每刻)
Bitter reality
Conductive=helpful=beneficial
The noise environment of the dorms was not very conductive to studying.
A panel investigated he conduct and she was subsequently fired.
In terms of in the long/short term term-by-term
Get underway
The purpose of such an arrangment is that………….
1.She can speak English as well as chinese
She can speak chinese and she can speak English as well
The survey suggests that class is more than wealth and background.It is also about your culture tastes and activities, as well as the people you know.
It seems to me that it’s more than physical.
2.I feel sure that this is the begining of a great cooperation.
The summer palace the forbidden city the palace museum the great wall
The online information is sometimes inaccurate.
Then it asks what kind of people you socialize with.
3.There has been a controversy about………
4.have you consulted a doctor about your heart problem.
5.freshman sophomore senior graduate at tremendous speed
6.critical=significant=decisive critical analysis
7.They beat us in every facet of the game. All aspects of
8.wet weather is a feature of life in England. It’s feature of sth.
Make it possible for on a previous occasion(last time)
previous experience in sth.
9.her mouth is her best features.
This person has regular features.(五官端正)
quite a while. At home and abroad
their reaearch project has limited pratical utility.
Play a diverse range of roles live for today
10.In Tom’s account, then, we are treated to the spectacle of different parts of the brain — perhaps even different selves — arguing with one another.
在拉玛钱德朗的描述中，我们会欣赏到，大脑的不同部分——也许甚至是几个不同的“自我”在相互争辩的场面。
It said that because of some reservations to the proposal they have decided to
halt their efforts in Lebanon in order to consult with their leadership.
声明 说，由于对这个提议有一些保留意见，他们决定停止在黎巴嫩所作的努力，以便同
他
们
各
自
的
领
导
人
进
行
磋
商
。
On historical precedent, it could be any time in the next two years.
根据历史上的先例，它可能发生在后两年的任何时间内。On no account should they reckon examination as the only means of stimulating pupils to pursue knowledge.
他们无论如何也不能把考试认为是激励学生学习知识的惟一手段。
the poor segments of society
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