八年级下册Modules 3－4
,基础知识巩固
温馨提示：建议在掌握重点单词、短语及句型后，趁热打铁，完成《默写手册》P21－22对应内容，以达到巩固、自测的效果。
1.earth n. 地球 2．moon n. 月亮；月球 3．news n. 新闻；消息 4．planet n. 行星 5．reach v. 到达；抵达 6．yet adv. 还，尚 7．just adv. 刚才；刚刚 8．model n. 模型 9．spaceship n. 航天器；宇 宙飞船 10．project n. 计划；工程； 项目 11．latest adj. 最近的；最新的 12．discover v. 发现；找到 13．astronaut n. 宇航员 14．none pron. 没有一人；没有一个 15．environment n. 环境 16．solar adj. 太阳的；与太阳有关的 1.discover v. 发现；找到→cover(反义词)v. 覆盖；遮蔽 2．environment n. 环境→environmental adj. 有关环境的 3．possible adj. 可能的→impossible adj. 办不到 的；不可能的 4．communicate v. 联系；交 流→communication n. 交流；沟通 5．ill adj. 不健康的；有病的→illness n. 疾病 6．take v. 测定，拍摄；吃，喝→took (过去式)→taken (过去分词) 7．active adj. 积极的；活跃的→activity n. 活动 1.no problem 没问题(用于表示乐于做某人要求做的事) 2．space travel 航天旅行 3．solar system 星系；(尤 指)太阳系 4．stomach ache 胃痛；腹痛 5．catch a cold 感冒 6．take one's temperature 31.health n. 健康(状况) 32．well adj. 健康的 17.system n. 系统；体系 33．heart n. 心脏 18．group n. 群；组 34．active adj. 积极的；活19．universe n. 宇宙 跃的 20．light n. 光线；光亮 35．pet n. 宠物；宠畜 21．impossible adj. (事情)办36．member n. 成员；会员 不到的， 37．condition n. 状况；身不可能的 体状况 22．communicate v. 联系；交38．sleepy adj. 困的；想睡流 的 23．cough n. 咳嗽；v.咳嗽 39．then adv. 当时；那时 24．fever n. 发烧；发热 40．daily adj. 每天的；天25．headache n. 头痛 天的 26．stomach n. 腹部；肚子 41．weak adj. 弱的；虚弱的 27．ache n. 痛；疼痛 42．illness n. 病；疾病 28．ill n. 不健康的；有病的 43．exercise v. 运动；锻炼 29．since prep. 自……以来； 44．awful adj. 极讨厌的；conj. 自……以来 极坏的 30．cold n. 感冒；伤风 45．perhaps adv. 可能；也许 重 点 单 词 词 汇 拓 展 8.sleep n. & v. 睡觉；睡眠→sleepy adj. 困的；想睡的 →asleep adj. 睡熟了的 9．daily adj. 每天的；天天的→everyday (同义词) 10．weak adj. 弱的；虚弱的→weakness n. 虚弱；弱点 →weaken v. 使变弱 11．exercise n. 运动；锻炼→exercise v. 运动；锻炼 12．universe n. 宇宙→universal adj. 宇宙的；全球的 重 点 短 语 12.be up to doing sth.正在做某事，忙于某事 13．far away 远离；遥远 14．go online 上网 15．search for information 搜索信息 16．billions of 数以亿计的 17．communicate with 与…… 重 点 句 型 量某人的体温 7．fast food 快餐食品 8．take part (in sth.) 参加，参与(某事) 9．in excellent condition 健康状况很好 10．feel awful 感到不舒服 11．all over 浑身；到处 1. —What are you up to? 你在忙什么呢？ —I've just made a model spaceship for our school project.我刚刚为我们的学校项目制作了一个宇宙飞船模型。 2．I haven't started yet because I'm not sure how to make it.我还没有开始，因为我不确定怎样制作它(宇宙飞船)。 3. —Has it arrived yet? 它 (宇宙飞船)到达了吗？ —Yes, it has arrived already.That's why it's on the news.是的，它已经到达了。这就是它(宇宙飞船)上新闻的原因。 4．Astronauts have already been to the moon.宇航员们已经去过月球了。 5. However, we have not found life on any other planets yet.然而，我们至今还没有在任何其他行星上发现生命。 联系；与……交流 18．get a (bad) cough 咳嗽(得厉害) 19．go for a run/go running 去跑步 20．go to the doctor/see a doctor 看医生 21．in hospital 住院 6.Lots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to Mars one day.许多科学家正在努力工作，为了有一天能将宇航员送入火星。 7．I haven't done much exercise since I got my computer last year.自从去年我拥有电脑以来就没怎么锻炼了。 8．—How long have you had your bike? 你拥有你的自行车多长时间了？ —I've had it for about two years.我拥有它(自行车)大约两年了。 9．Since then, it has become part of my life.从那以后，它(自行车)成了我生活的一部分。 ,重难词句选析
1．yet adv. 还，尚(教材P18)
【点拨】yet 表示“还(未)”，用在否定句和疑问句，常与一般现在时或现在完成时连用。already 用来表示“已经”， 用于肯定句。如：
We haven't finished our homework yet.我们还没有完成我们的家庭作业。 Man has not discovered any life in space yet.人类尚未在太空中发现生命。 【即时训练】
根据汉语意思选用already和yet来完成句子。 ——你已经完成你的家庭作业了吗？ ——是的。我已经完成了。
—Have you finished your homework __yet__？ —Yes.I've __already__ finished it. 2．discover v. 发现；找到(教材P18) 【辨析】discover，invent与create
(1)discover指“发现”某种本来存在，而以前未被发现的事物或不为人所知的东西。如：
I discovered (that) she was a good cook.我发现她很会烧菜。 (2)invent 表示“发明”，即原来没有而后来发明创造的东西。如：
Edison didn't discover electricity，but invented the light bulb.爱迪生没有发现电，但是发明了灯泡。
(3)create表示“创造”，指经过努力使事物从无到有。如：
They created one new record after another.他们创造了一个又一个的新纪录。 【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
全世界的科学家都在努力寻找治疗艾滋病的方法。
Scientists around the world are working hard __to__discover__ a cure for AIDS. 3．ill adj. 不健康的；有病的(教材P26) 【辨析】ill与sick
ill 和sick都有“生病的；有病的”之意，但用法并不完全相同。
(1)ill 表示“生病的；有病的”这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；而sick 既可以作表语又可以作定语，“病人”可以说a sick man 或the sick, 但不能说an ill man 或the ill。如：
She is ill/sick in bed.她卧病在床。
(2)sick 有“恶心的；厌倦的”之意。ill 作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；的”之意。如： The smell makes me sick.这气味使我感到恶心。 He is an ill man.他是一个的人。 【即时训练】 用ill或sick填空。
(1)She is looking after her __sick____father. (2)Jack____is__ill/sick__ in bed.
4．Have you heard the latest news? 你听说过这个最新消息吗？(教材P18) 【点拨】这是个现在完成时态的句子。现在完成时态的基本结构为： 肯定句：主语＋助动词have/has＋过去分词＋其他。 否定句：主语＋助动词have/has＋not＋过去分词＋其他。 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋have/has.
否定回答：No，主语＋haven't/hasn't.(有时也可用“No，not yet./No，never./No，not even once.”等。)
【即时训练】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
—Mum，may I go out and play basketball?
—__Have__ you____finished__(finish) your homework yet?
5．That's why it's on the news.这就是它(宇宙飞船)上新闻的原因。(教材P18)
【点拨】That's why…意为“这就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，对主语进行解释说明，使主语的内容具体化。从句要用陈述语序。表语从句还可由what，where，who，how等词引导。如：
That's why I'm angry.那就是我生气的原因。
That's where Lu Xun used to live.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方。 【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。 那就是他上学迟到的原因。
__That's__why__he__was__late__for__school.__________________________________________________________________________
6．Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for hundreds of millions of years.科学家们认为数亿年以前地球上已有生命存在了。(教材P20)
【点拨】there have/has been表示“曾经有；已经有……”，是there be的完成时形式。如：
There have been great changes in such kind of PDAs(掌上电脑) in the last years.近几年里，这种类型的掌上电脑已经发生了巨大的变化。
【即时训练】
根据汉语意思完成句子。
他们认为在很多年以前，地球上已经有这种生物了。
They think that __there__has__been__ such a creature on the earth since many years ago.
,当堂练习检测
Ⅰ.根据句意及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语。 1．I have wanted to be an __astronaut__(宇航员)． 2．__Perhaps__(也许)it will snow tomorrow. 3．The __earth__(地球) goes around the sun. 4．Are you a __member__(成员) of the chess club?
5．The scientists have __discovered__(发现) many other galaxies in the universe. 6．You should take an __active__(积极的) part in the task. 7．Looking through newspapers is his __daily__(每日的) activity. 8．The old man is in poor __condition__(身体状况)．
9．My mother is __ill__(生病的)，I have to look after her at home. 10．He didn't go to school because he____caught__a__cold__(感冒)． Ⅱ.用方框中所给单词或词语的适当形式填空。每词仅用一次。
go, sleep, have, possible, health
1．The noise made sleep __impossible__． 2．I __had____a stomachache yesterday.
3．I am so __sleepy__ that I can't listen to the teacher. 4．I'm worried about my mother's __health__．
5．Li Mei __has__gone__ to the library.She will be back in a few minutes. Ⅲ.根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。 Mothers always tell their children what they should eat.
When Jim was a child，his mother often told him，“Be 1.__careful__(小心的) not to eat too much sugar，or your teeth will 2.__ache__(痛)．”Besides，his mother always asks him to wash hands before meals to prevent 3.__illness__(疾病)．
Mary's mother always took care of Mary well.For example，Mary had a cold and 4.__coughed__(咳嗽) day and night.Her mother took her 5.__temperature__(温度) first and checked if she had a 6.__fever__(发烧)．Then she would send her to a 7.__hospital__(医院) if necessary.
Michael is a picky(挑剔的) boy.He likes meat very much.But he 8.__hardly__(几乎不) eats vegetables.That makes his mother very 9.__worried__(着急的)．One day，his mother came up with an idea.She cooked some meat balls with vegetables in it.Michael liked them very much and ate them
up.Then he was surprised to find vegetables were 10.__delicious__(美味的)．