1、whereby; 2. Pursuit; 3. Inhibit; 4 Maintain: 5. Patriotic;
6. Transcended; 7.endeavors: 8. Dedication: 9. Prestige; lO.nominate 1. Most cities in the country have introduced （弓丨进）\"Clean Air Zones\" whereby （凭此；借以）factories （工厂）and households （家庭）are only allowed to
burn （燃烧）smokeless fuel （无烟燃料）.
中国的大多数城市都设立了\"清洁空气区二工厂和家庭只能使用无烟燃料。 2. He knows that the pursuit （n,追求）of social status （地位）can consume （vt. 乎肖耗）vast amounts of his time and effort （努力）. 他知道追求社会地位会耗费他大量的时间和精力
3. The doctors are at a loss because so far 侄目前为止，迄今为止）no medicine （药物）has been found to inhibit the spread （传播）of the disease （疾病）. 医生们不知所措，因为到目前为止还没有发现能抑制疾病传播的药物。 4. We see many Special education directors （导演，主管,董事长）trying to maintain （维持）the quality （质量）of their programs with much less money and much smaller staff （职员）.
我们看到许多特殊教育主管试图用更少的钱和更少的员工来维持他们项目的质 量。
5. People there are told it is their patriotic （爱国的）duty （责任）to support the national economy （经济）by buying their own products,人们被告知， 通过购买自己的产品来支持国家经济是他们的爱国义务。
6. Darwin's thinking both drew upon （总结）and transcended （超越）the conventional （传统的）ideas of his time.
达尔文的思想既借鉴又超越了他那个时代的传统思想。
7.In spite of （尽管）all your endeavor （努力）,there may be times when you encounter （ffl®） difficulties in the training （培训）process. 尽管你做了很多努力，但在培训过程中你可能会遇到困难。
8. My advice to Mr. Stewart is to think carefully before entering into a career （生 涯；职业）in medicine, as this is a field （领域）which requires （需要）a lot of dedication （奉献）and long working hours.
我给Stewart先生的建议是在进入医学领域之前仔细考虑一下，因为这是一个 需要大量奉献和长时间工作的领域。
9. Most Chinese parents would prefer to choose some professions （职业）that are stable （稳定）and could bring prestige （声望）and economic benefits. 大多数中国父母更愿意选择一些稳定、能带来声望和经济效益的职业。
10.lt is legally （adv.合法地;法律上）possible for an elderly （adj,上了年纪 的；过了中年的；稍老的）person to nominate （vt.推荐；提名；任命；指 定）someone to act for them, should they become incapable （没有能力的）of looking after themselveso
在法律上，如果一个老人没有能力照顾自己，他就有可能提名一个人来为他们 做事。
1. removed from; 2. Failed in; 3. in the pursuit of; 4. deviateo from; 5. precludes, from; 6. triumph over; 7. work their way into; 8. 8.written off !-
1. When Francis got back after Easter, he was far behind （被抛在后面）his classmates and he was removed from （被移除）the second into the third class at this own desire （要求）.
当弗朗西斯在复活节后回来的时候，他远远落后于他的同学，他被按照自己的 意愿从二等升到了三等。
2 The president acknowledged （v,承认;确认）that he had somehow failed in （失败）his ability to communicate to the American people. 总统承认他在与美国人民沟通的能力上有些失败
3 Unfortunately, as history has shown, some of the companies （n.公司，企 业；伙伴）are guilty （adj.有罪的；内疚的）of misconduct in the pursuit of （为了追求）profit （利润）.
不幸的是，正如历史证明的那样，一些公司在追求利润时存在不当行为。 4. The ship deviated from （偏离）the agreed voyage （航线）and arrived about 10 days late and in the meantime （与此同时）the price of sugar （糖） had fallen （v.落下；跌倒）and the merchants （商人）lost over $4000. 船偏离同意航行并且迟到了 10天左右，在此期间糖的价格下降，商人损失了超 过4000美元 5. Because the transcript （n.成绩单；抄本,副本；文字记录）is still under seal （盖上公章）,the law precludes them from reading and discussing the evidence （证据）in detail.
因为这份笔录还盖章，法律禁止他们详细阅读和讨论证据
6 In carrying out （执行）the plan we are likely to come across （v.偶遇;无 意中发现）difficulties, but we are determined （坚决的）to （下定决心） triumph over （击败）them all.
在执行计划时，我们很可能遇到困难，但我们决心要战胜它们。 7. Without increasing investment （n.投资；投入）in education, it will be increasingly （adv,越来越多地，渐増地）difficult for low-income people to work their way into the middle class （中产阶级）.
如果不加大对教育的投资，低收入人群进入中产阶级的难度将越来越大。
8 All the passengers （乘客）in the plane that crashed （坠毁）in the middle of the Andes Mountains a week ago were written off （被认为）as dead （死亡）. 一周前在安德斯山中部坠毁的飞机上的所有乘客都被认定已经死亡。
Unit2
1. intervene; 2. underestimate; 3. recede; ;4. deem; 5. bleak; 6. appraise; 7. paralyzed; 8. symptoms; 9. dismay; 10. brink
1. Kids are more likely to intervene （干涉, 介入）in a situation if they believe their parents expect （期望）them to help.
如果孩子们相信他们的父母希望他们帮忙，他们更有可能介入。
2 The first lesson I learned as a newcomer for the company was never to
underestimate （vt.低估；看轻）degree of difficulty （难度系数）I would face in career advancement.（进步，发展）
作为公司的新人，我学到的第一课就是永远不要低估自己在职业发展中所面临 的困难。
3 Just as I started to think that I was never going to get well （恢复健康）,the illness （疾病） began to recede.（减弱）
就在我开始认为我永远不会康复的时候，疾病开始消退 4
Whatever the decision is, I would like you to know that your department is my first choice and I deem （认为）it a great honor （荣誉）if I could study in your department.
无论决定是什么，我希望你知道你的部门是我的首选，如昊我能在你的部门学 习，我将感到非常荣幸
5.
During one particularly （其中特别）bleak （荒凉的、暗淡的）moment （时 刻）in my career, a senior colleague （同事）of mine （我的）said to me, \"If you follow your dreams, the money will come. Follow the money, and you'll lose your dreams.\"
在我职业生涯中一个特别黯淡的时刻，我的一位高级同事对我说，“如果你追逐 梦想，钱就会来。”跟着钱走，你就会失去梦想
6 Unless we can find a way to appraise （评价、评估）nature and then invest in protecting it, our basic life-support systems are going to collapse （坍塌）. 除非我们能找到一种评估自然并投资保护自然的方法，否则我们的基本生命维 持系统将会崩溃。
7. The blizzard （暴风雪）moved south , turning into （转变成）an icy （冰冷 的）rain that paralyze （使瘫痪）the airports for three days. 暴风雪向南移动，变成了一场冰冷的雨，使机场瘫痪了三天。 8. In this introduction we have diagnosed （被诊断为） some of the causes （原因）of the illness and, in the following chapters （下一章）,we will draw attention to （吸引对……的注意力）its various （adj.各种各样的；多方面的） unpleasant symptoms.（症状） 在这篇介绍中，我们已经诊断出了一些致病的原因，在接下来的章节中，我们 将注意到它的各种不愉快的症状。
9 In those days, divorce （离婚）under any circumstances （在任何情况下；无 论如何）was socially unacceptable （adj.不能接受的；不受欢迎的）and there was great dismay （沮丧）in the family who went through it （经历过这些）, 在那些日子里，任何情况下的离婚在社会上都是不可接受的，这让经历过这一 切的家庭非常沮丧。
10. Every time she talked about being rejected （拒绝）in her hunt for a job, she seemed on the brink （边缘）of tears （泪水）,and I would quickly switch （转 换）the conversation （交谈）to another topic.
每次她说自己在找工作时被拒绝时，她似乎都快哭出来了，我很快就把话题转 到另一个话题上。
1. pulled to a stop; 2. black out; 3. pop up; 4. stopped short; 5. plowed through; 6. threw himself into; 7. let yourself go; 8. grabbed for
1. When the bus pulled to a stop （停下）and I got off （下车）,I was relieved （如释重负）because I had finished school and I had the weekend ahead of （在,,之前） me to enjoy myself.
当公共汽车停了下来，我下了车，我如释重负，因为我已经完成了学业，而且 我还有一个周末要去享受。
2 When my car crashed （撞上）into the big tree, I could feel the blood draining from my face and I wondered whether I was about to black out.（中断，昏迷） 当我的车撞到那棵大树时，我能感觉到脸上的血在流，我不知道自己是不是要 昏过去了。
3 All kinds of questions concerning 。步及）the soaring housing price （房价飙 升） begin to pop up （突然出现）on cable television and the blogosphere （博 客圈）.
各种各样的问题关于飞涨的房价开始出现在有线电视和博客圈（博客圈） 4 The soldiers' rapid （快速行军）march was stopped short （打断）by the general's command;（将军的扌旨令）they were uncertain whether to go back or forward （冲锋）.
士兵们的快速行军被将军的命令打断了。他们不知道是后退还是前进。 5. A car crashed into the side of a house after the driver lost control and plowed through （费力的通过）a hedge （树篱）. !_
—辆车撞到一所房子的侧面后司机失去控制，费力的通过树篱。
6 Charles reappeared（再出现）,after half an hour's absence ；缺席），and threw himself into （扌卜向）an armchair, where he lay back for some time with his eyes shut.
查尔斯离开半个小时后又出现了，他扑到一把扶手椅上，闭着眼睛躺了一会 儿。 7. No special equipment is needed other than inspiring （鼓舞人心）,motivating （激励的） music that you can dance passionately to and let yourself go.（放松 自己） 没有什么特别的设备是需要的，除了鼓舞人心的音乐，你可以激情地跳舞，放 松自己。
8 As her door began to open , she grabbed for （抓住）the telephone, and then dropped （放下）the receiver （听筒）as Luke walked in.
当她的门再次打开时，她抓起电话，然后在卢克走进去的时候把听筒放下。
Unit3
1. integral; 2. cherish; 3. afflicted ; 4. noteworthy; 5. portray; 6 compliment; 7. domain; 8, anonymous; 9. conscientious; 10. perpetual
1. As a number of authors point out （指出，指明）,the urge （n.强烈的欲 望）to migrate （移民）is a（n） integral （部分）part of human nature. 正如许多作者指出的那样，移民的冲动是人性不可分割的一部分
2 Children should be allowed to cherish （珍爱）those few years of innocence （天真） before they real world have to learn the truth about the real world. 应该让孩子们珍惜这几年的纯真，然后他们才能真正了解现实世界的。 3 He has been afflicted （折磨）by a horrible （可怕的）disease, from Which one of his best friends died two weeks ago.
他患有一种可怕的疾病，两周前他最好的一个朋友死于这种疾病。
4 The results of the survey are noteworthy （adj.值得注意的；显著的）and useful despite （尽管） being from a small sample.
这项调查的结果是值得注意的和有用的，尽管是从一个小样本
5. The director said that they needed a young actress （女演员） who could portray
（扮演）someone who was both unbalanced and confident at the same time. 导演说他们需要一个年轻的女演员来扮演一个既不平衡又自信的人。 6. Praise （表扬，称赞）must be used wisely （明智地）to compliment （称 赞）students who perform （vt.执行；）up to expectations （期望）and to encourage students to perform to maximum level.
表扬必须被明智地用来赞扬那些表现达到期望的学生，并鼓励学生发挥到最高 水平。
7. In the domain （领域）of research, it is an accepted （公认）fact that scientific publications （出版物）have to be written or translated into English to get published （出版）,acknowledged, and cited （弓I用）.
在研究领域，一个公认的事实是，科学出版物必须被书写或翻译成英语才能出 版、承认和引用。
8 He received a（n） anonymous （匿名的）call threatening （恐吓）to disclose （公开）details （细节）of his affair （私事）if he didn't pay the money. 他收到了一个匿名电话威胁披露他的细节如果他不支付这笔钱。
9 The movie presents Lincoln as a strong-willed, conscientious （尽责的）man who led the US through a moral, constitutional （的） and political （政治 的）crisis （危机）.
这部电影把林肯描绘成一个意志坚强、尽职尽责的人，带领美国度过了一场道 德、和政治危机!-
10. It is understandable that the health and welfare （福利）of their family is a（n） perpetual （永久的）concern for this young couple.
可以理解，他们家庭的健康和福利是这对年轻夫妇永远关心的问题
1. embark on 2. be deprived of; 3. turn down; 4. taken captive; 5.live on; 6. share in; 7. was stricken by; 8. led by example
1. Clearly, most of the students there are full time workers （全职工） who would not otherwise （另外的）have sustained （维持）been able to embark on （从 事）sustained further study.
显然，那里的大多数学生都是全职工作者，否则他们无法继续进行持续的深
造。
2. The court （）ruled that this man be deprived of （被剥夺）his political rights for a further four years after he has served （月艮役） his 13-year sentence （判决）.
裁定，在这名男子被判13年徒刑后，他的政治权利将被剥夺4年。 3.1 would love to have kids. I would turn down （拒绝）an Oscar to see my boy at a baseball game or my girl at a song recital （演唱）.
我喜欢孩子。我会拒绝奥斯卡奖去看我的儿子在棒球比赛或我的女孩在歌曲独 奏会上。
4 Richard was finally released （释放） on February 4, one year and six weeks after he'd been taken captive （关押）
理查德最终在2月4日被释放，一年零六个星期后他被俘虏
5. She hoped Vincent would understand that her life had not been empty （adj. 空的；无意义的；无知的；徒劳的）,because her love would live on （继续存 在）. 她希望文森特能理解她的生活并不是空虚的，因为她的爱会继续存在。 6 All people, whether they be rich or poor, strong or weak, privileged （adj.享有 的；有特别恩典的）or deprived （adj.缺少食物的；缺乏足够教育的）， are interdependent （adj.相互依赖的；互助的）,and share in （分担）the common task of seeking to （追求）achieve （获得）mankind's （人类的）full potential （潜能）.
所有人，不论、强弱、、，都是相互依存的，都有实现人类全部 潜力的共同任务。
7. In September 1944 he was able to （能够）return to his scademic （学术的） duties, but soon after the war ended he was stricken by （受灾,患病）a serious （严重的）illness and did relatively little research thereafter （从那以后）.
1944年9月，他得以重返学术领域，但战争结束后不久，他患上了重病，此后 几乎没有做过什么研究。
8 She retired from （从•••..退休）the company where she has led by example （以身作则）and been a source （源泉,水源）of encouragement to others. 她从她所领导的公司退休了，并成为了鼓励他人的源泉。
Unti4
1.compulsory ; 2. contemplate ; 3. imprisoned; 4. globalize ; 5. offset 6. groan ; 7. stubborn ; 8.cluster; 9.ambiguity ; lO.consoled
1. Although secondary （中等的）education is compulsory （必修的），parents are not required to send their children to state schools （公立学校）. 虽然中等教育是强制性的，但是父母不需要把孩子送到公立学校。
2 The economic （经济的）situation has been worsening （恶化）,causing economists （经济学着）to contemplate （沉思，注视）whether the present （当前的）policies are sustainable.
经济形势一直在恶化，这让经济学家们开始思考当前的是否具有可持续 性。
3. He was found guilty （被认定为有罪）and was imprisoned （囚禁）in the Tower of London, where he died very quickly, aged only 47.
他被判有罪并被囚禁在伦敦塔，在那里他很快死去，年仅47岁。
4 It is obvious that the future of the Internet is to globalize （vt,使全球化） more and more areas of the world, and that e-commerce（电子商务）and e- entertainment（电子娱乐）are going to go for more and more markets.
很明显，互联网的未来是使世界上越来越多的地区全球化，电子商务和电子娱 乐将走向越来越多的市场。
5 However, your current （现在的）losses should soon be offset （vt.抵消；弥
补）by gains; the fund （基金）will produce a positive return of 11.6 percent over a nine month period, （n.周期，期间；时期）
但是，你目前的损失很快就会被收益所抵消;该基金将在九个月内产生11.6%的 正回报。
6 Because she was so tall and slim, all the clothes looked marvelous （adj. 了不 起的；非凡的；令人惊异的；不平常的）on her and the other girls would groan their envy.
因为她长得又高又瘦，所有的衣服在她身上都很好看，其他的女孩子都会羡慕 她。
7. This can be a helpful approach （方法途彳空）in discussior- someone may regard （看待）you as stubborn since you never want to change your mind, whereas you see yourself as determined.
这可能是一种有益的讨论方式一人可能认为你很固执，因为你从来不想改 变自己的想法，而你却认为自己是坚定的。
8 On weekends, the school parking lot is almost empty （空钓） except （prep. 除…之外）that a few cluster （vt.使聚集）cars near the entrance （入口）. 周末的时候，学校的停车场几乎空无一人，只有几辆车停在门口附近。 9. In the photographer's finest （adj.好的，出色的（fine 的最高级））pictures there is also a degree （程度）of ambiguity （n.含糊;不明确；暧昧；模棱两 可的话）which allows them to be interpreted （v.理解；解释）in a variety of ways. 在摄影师最出色的作品中，也存在一定程度的模糊性，这使得它们可以以多种 方式进行解释。
10. Tim stretched out （伸出） a hand in apology for his thoughtless remarks （言 辞）and was consoled （安慰）by a firm （坚定的）handshake （握手） from Mark.
蒂姆伸出一只手，为自己轻率的言论道歉，马克坚定的握手安慰了他。
1、Settle for; 2.more often than not; 3.mingled with; 4.traded for; 5.was saturated
with; 6.are open to; 7. Endowed with; 8. make up for
1、 Virginia was a perfectionist （完美主义者）.She was jus: not prepared （准 备）to settle for （无奈接受，勉强同意）anything that was second best. 维吉尼亚是一个完美主义者。她只是不准备接受任何次等的东西。
2、 He could be quite （adv.很；相当；完全）casual （随意的）in his attitude to his wife's anxiety （n.焦虑，渴望），and more ofren than not （通常； 多半）failed to let her know when he would be back from a business trip （出 差）. 对于妻子的焦虑，他的态度可以相当随意，而且常常会让她知道他什么时候出 差回来。
3、 \"You'll kill yourself with those things,\" Arty said in a tone （语气）in which disappointment （失望的）was mingled with （混合）disgust （厌恶）. '你会用这些东西自杀的，”亚蒂说，语气中夹杂着失望和厌恶。 4、 Thanks to modern transportation, agricultural （农业的）products in these remote （遥远的）mountainous （多山的）regions （地区）can also be traded for （交易）goods.
由于现代交通，这些偏远山区的农产品也可以用来交换商品
5、 As the market was saturated with （被•…所饱和） a wide variety of goods, the economy （经济）became more balanced and the competition （竞争） forced the prices down.
当市场被各种各样的商品饱和时，经济变得更加平衡，竞争迫使价格下降。 6、 Going with the flow doesn't mean that we don't know where we're going; it means that we are open to （是开放的）multiple （多重的）ways of getting there. 随波逐流并不意味着我们不知道我们要去哪里;这意味着我们对实现目标的多种 途径持开放态度
7、 The athlete had been endowed with （被赋予）long legs and a persistent （adj.固执的，坚持的；持久稳固的）temperament （性格）so he was very successful. 这位运动员天生腿长，性情坚韧，所以他很成功。
8、The wrongly accused man （被告人）asked for extra compensation （赔 偿）to make up for （补偿）the stress he had suffered during the case. 被冤枉的人要求额外的赔偿以弥补他在案件中所承受的压力。
Unit5
1. gauged; 2. dedicate; 3. commonplace; 4. suffice; 5. revenue; 6.simultaneous; 7.incentive; 8.prone; 9. innovations; lO.fostered
1 The general considered all the information that had been gathered （集中） and gauged （v.测量，判定；校准）what possible moves the enemy （敌人） might make before issuing （发布）his orders.
将军考虑了收集到的所有信息，并在发布命令之前估计了敌人可能采取的行 动。
2. The new president said she would dedicate （vt.致力；献身；题献）herself to protecting the rights （权利） of the old and the homeless, who are otherwise helpless and vulnerable, （adj.易受攻击的，易受••的攻击；易受伤害的，有弱 点的）
新总统说，她将致力于保护老年人和无家可归者的权利，这些人本来就是无助 和脆弱的。
3. Cell phone conversations （会话）,which are fairly （相当地） commonplace （常见的）on commuter trains, can be annoying to fellow commuters. 手机通话在通勤列车上相当常见，但对其他通勤者来说可能很烦人。
4 Ask your doctor whether a low-fat diet （饮食）and a daily walk will suffice （足够）to reduce your high blood pressure.
问问你的医生，低脂饮食和每天散步是否足以降低你的高血压。
5. The revenue （n,税收收入；财政收入；收益）from tourism （n.旅游业； 游览）is the biggest single contribution to GDP in the Maldives; every year many tourists （游客）from all corners （角落）of the world spend their holidays there. 旅游业收入是马尔代夫GDP的最大贡献海年都有许多来自世界各地的游客在 那里度假。
6 Since the beginning of this century, China has built many modern conference （会议） centers with underground （地下的） parking, air-conditioning and simultaneous （adj.同时的；联立 的；同时发生的）translation systems. 自本世纪初以来，中国建立了许多现代化的会议中心，包括地下停车场、空调 和同声传译系统。
7 While advertising offers a stimulus（朿ij激）to buy, sales promotion （提升） offers a（n） incentive （动机）to buy, but consumers must hcve their own reason to buy.
而广告提供了一个刺激购买，促销提供了购买的动机,但消费者购买必须有他们自 己的理由。
8 In general, smokers living in cities are slightly more prone （adj.俯卧的；有… 倾向的，易于…的）
to lung cancer than smokers who are living in the country.
一般来说，住在城市的吸烟者比住在乡下的吸烟者更容易得肺癌
9. A large proportion （比例） of important innovations （仓U新，改革） are brought （v.带来（bring 的过去分词））about by people who step outside of conventional （传统的）categories （类别）or traditional assumptions （假 定）. 很大一部分重要的创新是由超越传统范畴或传统假设的人苻来的。
10. The habit of going to coffee houses was fostered （培养）by the city's relatively small size, safe streets, good public transportation, and moderate （温和 的）climate （气候）.
这个城市相对较小的面积、安全的街道、良好的公共交通和温和的气候，养成 了去咖啡馆的习惯。
1. correlate with; 2. refrain from; 3. count down; 4. slaving away; 5.coincided with ; 6. contended with; 7. be designated 8. conformed to
1. The results of this experiment do not correlate with （找出 ----- 对应的关系； 使…与••发生关系）those of the studies that the team of scientists had conducted previously （以前地）.
这个实验的结果与之前科学家团队所做的研究并不相关。
2 It was a moment of overwhelming （adj.压倒性的；势不可挡的）excitement （兴奋）when Steve was given the first prize; Tiffany couldn't refrain from （克 制） hugging and kissing him.
那是一个激动人心的时刻，史蒂夫获得了一等奖;蒂凡尼忍不住拥抱和亲吻他。
3
As we count down （倒数）to tonight's presidential debate, it's time to go over （回顾）the political agendas （议程）which the candidates （候选人）a「e trying to promote （推进）. 当我们倒数到今晚的 议程了。
辩论时，是时候回顾一下两位候选人试图推动的政治
3 she spent the next 10 years taking in washing, slaving away （埋头苦干）to pay back （偿还）the money they had borrowed from the bank. 在接下来的10年里，她负责洗衣服，努力偿还从银行借的钱。
5. Indeed, it seems that the upward shift （向上偏移）in the rate of economic growth in the mid-1990s coincided with （与此同时）a sudden （突然的）, substantial （大量的）,and rapid （急速的）decline （下降）in the prices of computers. 的确，上世纪90年代中期经济增长率的上升似乎与计算机价格的突然、大幅和 快速下降相吻合。
6 As Crawford contended with heartbreak in his private life, his career soared （急 增至J） to greater heights than he could have ever dreamed of.
当克劳福德在他的私人生活中伤心欲绝时，他的职业生涯达到了他做梦也想不 到的高度。
7.1 am assuming （假的）that you have adequate （adj.充足的；适当的；胜任
的）health insurance （保险），but someone should be designated （指定） successor （继承者）to take your financial （adj.金融的；财政的，财务的） and domestic affairs （家事）if you become unable to cope with （应付）them yourself. 我假设你有足够的健康保险，但如果你自己无法处理你的财务和家庭事务，就 应该有人指定接替你。
8 Formal consent for this new type of treatment was obtained （v.获得）from each patient and the study conformed to （符合）our institution's （制度的） guidelines （指导方针）concerning （关于）medical ethics（伦理） 正式同意这种新型的治疗获得每个病人和研究符合我们的机构的指导方针有关 医学伦理学（伦理）
Global citizen is someone who identifies with being part of an emerging world community and whose actions contribute to building this community's values and practices. Global citizenship believes that humankind is essentially one and each individual has the power to change things. In our interdependent world, global citizenship encourages us to recognize our responsibilities toward each other and learn from each other. Global citizens care about education, disease, poverty, and environmental issues around the world. Today the forces of global engagement are helping some people identify themselves as global citizens who have a sense of belonging to a world community. This growing global identity in large part is made possible by the forces of modern information, communications and transportation technologies. Global citizenship aims to empower people to lead their own action. Along with the knowledge and values that they have gained from learning about global issues, people need to be equipped with the necessary skills to give themselves the ability and confidence to be pro-active in making a positive difference in the world.
答案：世界公民是指一个人承认自己是新兴的全球社区的一分子，而且其行动 对全球社区的价值打造和实践活动有所贡献。世界公民相信人类从本质上来说 是一个整体，每个人都有改变事物的能力。在我们这样一人相互依赖的世界 中，世界公识鼓励我们认识到对彼此的责任，并从对方身上学习。世界公 民关心全球的教育、疾病、贫穷和环境问题。在当今，全球合作的力量在使一 些人萌发世界公民的意识，让他们拥有对全球社区的归属感。这种不断发展的 世界公识在很大程度上来讲，要归功于现代信息、通信和交通技术的力 量。世界公识致力于给予人们力量，让他们付诸行动。世界公民除了要从 世界问题中学习知识和价值观，还要拥有必需的技能，使他们拥有能力和自 信，积极推动世界的发展。
答案：Nowadays, many young people no longer choose \"stable\" jobs. Instead, they
prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people's life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China's economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people's enthusiasm to start their own businesses.
如今，很多年轻人不再选择“稳定”的工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的 智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。青年创业(young entrepreneurship)是未来国家 经济活力的来源，创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的 生活，从长远来看，对于国家更是一件好事，创业者正是让中国经济升级换代 的力量。尤其是在当前，国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新，在上给予中小企 业支持，这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。 The American Dream is a national ethos （精神中寺质）of the United States. The term is used in many ways, but it essentially is an idea that suggests that anyone in the US can succeed through hard work and has the potential to lead a happy, successful life. Many people have expanded upon or refined the definition to include things such as freedom, fulfillment and meaningful relationships. The idea of an American Dream is older than
the USt dating back to the 1600s, when people began to have all sorts of hopes and aspirations for what was a new and largely unexplored continent to European immigrants. And the meaning of the Dream has changed over the course of history, including both personal
components and a global vision. But not everybody thinks the American Dream is a positive thing. Some people believe that the structure of society in the US prevents such an idealistic goal for everyone. Critics often point to examples of inequality rooted in class, race, religion and ethnicity that suggest that the American Dream is not attainable for everyone.
答案：美国梦是美利坚合众国的民族精神。该词有各种各样的用法，但其根本 含义是，在美国任何人都可以通过努力获得成功，都有可能过上幸福而成功的 生活。许多人对美国梦的概念加以拓展和提炼，涵盖了像自由、自我实现和深 厚的人际关系等方面的内容。美国梦的思想比美国本身更为久远，可以追溯到
17世纪，当时的欧洲移民面对这一新发现的、未经开发的广袤，开始纷纷
怀揣希望，追逐梦想。随着历史的发展，美国梦的含义也已改变，既包含了个 人元素，也包含了全局视野。但并不是毎个人都对美国梦持肯定态度。一些人 认为美国的社会结构决定了不是每个人都能拥有这样的理暇目标。批评者常常 举以实例，掲躍植根于阶级、种族、宗教和民族的不平等现象，指出美国梦并 非毎个人都可企及。
答案:Realizing the great national rejuvenation, which we define as the Chinese
Dream, has been the greatest Chinese expectation since modern times. It basically
means achieving prosperity for the country, renewal of the nation and happiness for the people, thus ensuring that every enterprising Chinese carries, generation after generation, the firm conviction that a better life is accomplished through persistent effort. People should achieve their prosperity through diligence, courage, creativity and determination instead of aid from society or other people. Each individual is a participant and a designer in the cause of realizing the Chinese Dream, for it is a dream not only for the entire nation but also for every Chinese.
实现中华民族伟大复兴(rejuvenation)是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，我 们称之为“”，其基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。中国 梦，是让每一个积极进取的中国人形成世世代代的信念：只要经过不懈的奋斗 便能获得更好的生活。人们必须通过自己的勤奋、勇气、创意和决心迈向繁 荣，而不是依赖于社会和他人的援助。每个中国人都是的参与者和创造 者。是民族的梦，也是每个中国人的梦。
Leonardo da Vinci, one of the greatest minds of the Italian Renaissance, is perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived. A painter, sculptor, architect, mathematician, engineer, and inventor, he is famous for a wide range of
accomplishments. His natural genius, which crossed multiple disciplines, won him the title of \"Renaissance Master\". Leonardo is renowned primarily as a painter. Among his works, the Mona Lisa is the best known and The Last Supperthe most reproduced religious painting of all time. What make Leonardo's drawings unique are mainly his innovative techniques and acute scientific mind. Perhaps only 15 of his paintings have
survived, partly because his constant experimentation with new techniques made his total output quite small. Although not a prolific （多产的）painter, Leonardo was a most productive draftsman, keeping journals full of sketches, drawings, and diagrams. These notebooks, often referred to as da Vinci's manuscripts, recorded his inventions, observations, and theories about everything that captured his attention. Leonard's genius made him a pioneer in almost every field of study he undertook. His paintings, together with his notebooks, have contributed significantly to the history of art. 答案：莱奥纳多•达•芬奇是意大利文艺复兴时期最伟大的思想家之一，也许也是 迄今最多才多艺的人。他是画家、刻家、建筑家、数学家、工程师和发明 家，因成就广泛而闻名。他的天赋跨越多个领域，为其富得了“文艺复兴大师” 的称号。菜臭纳多主要作为画家而著名。在其所有作品中，《蒙娜・丽莎〉最为 有名，而《录后的晚餐〉则是历来复制最多的宗教画作。菜奥纳多作品的独特 之处主要在于其创新性的技巧和敏锐的科学思维。他的画作大约只有
15幅流 传了下来，其部分原因是他不断试验新的技巧，所以作品总■很小。莱
奥纳多 虽然不是多产画家，却是一位最高产的绘图家，他在日记中画満了各种草图、 图画和图表。这些笔记通常被称为达•芬奇手稿，记录了他的各种发明、观察， 以及他对自己感兴趣的事物提出的理论。莱奥纳多的天赋使他几乎在涉足的每 一领域都成了先驱。他的画作，连同他的笔记，在艺术史上贡献斐然 答案:Ink and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms of China,
is representative of Chinese painting. It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties. With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfection. The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting, i.e. brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely
related to the features of the paintings. For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different shades of dryness, wetness, thickness and thinness. The integration and infiltration of water, ink, and rice paper enables such paintings to convey rich images, and hence to achieve unique aesthetic effects. Ink and wash painting holds a high status in the history of Chinese painting, and it is even regarded as the criterion to evaluate the artistic level of Oriental paintings.
水墨画(ink and wash painting)是中国独具特色的传统艺术形式之一，是中国 国画的代表。它大约始于唐代，兴盛于宋代和元代，距今已有一千多年的历 史，其间经历了不断的发展、提高和完善。水墨画的创作二具和材料是具有浓 厚中国特色的毛笔、宣纸和墨，其作品特点也与此紧密相关。例如，水和墨相 互调和，使作品具有干湿浓淡的层次。水墨和宣纸的交融渗透也使画作善于表 现丰富的意象，从而达到独特的审美效果。水墨画在中国绘画史上具有很高的 地位，甚至被认为是衡量东方绘画艺术水平的标准。 Venice is the world's famous island city in northern Italy. Founded in the 5th century, Venice became a major maritime power in the 10th century. In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Venice was a major center for commerce and trade, and became an extremely wealthy European city, a leader in political and economic affairs. After several hundred years in power, Venice began to decline in the 15th century. Nowadays, it is regarded as one of the world's most beautiful cities and one of the most important tourist destinations in the world.
Venice has a rich and diverse architectural style, the most famous of which is the
Gothic style. Venice is also known for several important artistic movements in history, especially the Renaissance period. The influence of Venice on the development of architecture and arts has been considerable. Today, it is still playing an important role in contemporary arts and popular cultures. In 1987, Venice was listed as a World Heritage Site. In March 1980, Venice became a sister city of China's Suzhou City.
答案：威尼斯是意大利北部一座世界闻名的岛城。威尼斯建立于公元5世纪， 在公元10世纪时成为一支重要的海上力景。在中世纪和文艺复兴时期，威尼 斯曾是重要的商贸中心，是当时欧洲极为富裕的城市，在政治和经济事务中居 领导地位。几百年的兴盛之后，威尼斯在15世纪开始衰落。如今，威尼斯被 公认为是全世界最美的城市之一，也是全世界景重要的旅游胜地之一。威尼斯 的建筑风格丰富多样，其中最出名的是哥特式风格。威尼斯还因历史上的几次 重要的艺术运动而闻名，特别是文艺复兴时期。威尼斯对建筑和艺术的发展影 响巨大。至今，威尼斯仍对现代艺术和流行文化的发展起着重要作用。1987 年，威尼斯被列入《世界遗产名录＞。1980年3月，威尼斯与中国苏州结为 “友好城市气
答案:Lijiang is a mountainous city in northwest Yunnan Province. The old town of
Lijiang, located at the foot of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, is a town of scenic
beauty and known for its history and culture. It is also a well- preserved old town with features of ethnic minorities. The construction work of the old town was started from the Southern Song Dynasty about 800 years from now. Not only does
Lijiang boast a long history, but also it boasts many ethnic minorities who make up over a half of the total population in the region. With the booming of Lijiang tourism, the old town of Lijiang is receiving a growing number of tourists from home and abroad. In December 1997, the old town succeeded in applying to be named a World Cultural Heritage Site, filling the gap of lacking a noted historical and cultural city in China on the World Cultural Heritage List.
丽江地处云南省西北部，境内多山。丽江古城坐落在玉龙雪山脚下，是一座风 景秀丽的历史文化名城，也是我国保存完好的少数民族古城之一。丽江古城始
建于南宋，距今约有800年的历史。丽江不仅历史悠久，而且民族众多，少数 民族人口占全区人口的半数以上。随着丽江旅游业的发展，到丽江古城观光游 览的中外游客日益增多。1997年12月，丽江古城申报世界文化遗产获得成 功，填补了中国在世界文化遗产中无历史文化名城的空白。 The English ceremony of afternoon tea dates back to the 1840s The tradition evolved out of the rituals and routines that surrounded tea drinking in Britain before that time. Tea was first introduced to England in the late 1650s, but for a long time, it was only consumed by the royal family and the aristocracy due to its high cost. The habit of having afternoon tea did not become established until almost 200 years later. In those days, the British ate only two daily meals: a large breakfast late in the morning and a late dinner around 8 o'clock in the evening. Anna, the 7th Duchess of Bedford, can be credited for creating the tradition of afternoon tea to soothe hunger pangs before supper. She invited friends to join her for an additional afternoon meal at four to five o'clock. The menu included tea and snacks such as dainty cakes and sandwiches. Fine porcelain （瓷器）was used to serve this minor feast. Afternoon tea soon became popular, and is now a symbol of the elegant British way of life. As novelist Henry James wrote, \"There are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea.\"
答案:英式下午茶的仪式可以追溯到19世纪40年代，该传统是由之前英国的 茶
饮仪式和习惯发展而来的。茶录初在17世纪50年代晚期被引入英国，但由 于价格昂贵，所以粮长一段时间里，只有皇家和贵族才能享用。直到将近200 多年之后，英国人才养成吃下午茶的习惯。在当时，英国人一日两餐：快接近 中午时分的丰盛早餐和晚上八点左右的晚餐。据说第七代贝德福德公龄夫人安 娜开创了下午茶的传统，以此来缓解晚餐前的饥饿感。她遗请朋友和她一起在 下午四五点钟吃下午茶。下午茶中包括茶和一些点心，比如精致的蛋職及三明 治。这些小巧的美食用精美的瓷81盛装。下午茶很快就流行开来，现在已经成 为优雅英国生活方式的一个象征。正如小说家亨利•倉姆斯写道的那样:“人生 鲜有比全心全意享用下午茶这一仪式更惬意的时刻了。- 答案:China is the
hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. Since ancient times, tea has been known as the \"national drink\" of China. In both the Chinese scholars* seven daily necessities, namely music, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea and common people's seven ones, namely firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea, tea is listed as one of the necessities. Meanwhile, China is a country with ancient civilization and a land of courtesy. The practice of making and serving tea is essential whenever there are guests or friends. With the development of cultural exchange, commerce and trade between China and other countries, Chinese tea and tea culture spread to the world. Today, a number of countries across the five continents grow tea plants, and many countries import tea from China. Chinese tea, like Chinese silk and chinaware, has become synonymous with China in the world.
中国是茶的故乡，也是茶文化的发源地。自古以来，茶就被誉为中华民族的“国 饮”。无论是文人墨客生活中的“琴棋书画诗酒茶”，还是平民百姓生活中的“柴米 油盐酱醋茶二茶都是必备品。同时，中国又是文明古国，礼仪之邦。凡是来了 客人或朋友，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪必不可少。随着中外文化交流和商业贸易的发 展，中国茶及茶文化传向了全世界。现在五大洲有不少国家种茶，也有很多国 家从中国进口茶。中国茶和中国的丝绸及瓷器一样，已经成为
中国在全世界的 代名词。
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