2019高考英语阅读理解(2)及解析或解析(11月哈尔滨)

2019高考英语阅读理解（2）及解析或解析（11月哈尔滨）

阅读理解、专题训练()、说明文的阅读(3)

(2018年湖南)阅读以下材料，然后按要求完成读写任务 ABOUTLIPITOR

Lipitorisaprescriptionmedicine.Alongwithdietandexercise， lowers“bad”Cholesterol(胆固醇)inyourblood.Itcanalsoraise“good”cholesterol.

Lipitorcanlowertheriskofheartattackinpatientswithseveralcommonriskfactors，includingfamilyhistoryofearlyheartdisease，highbloodpressure，ageandsmoking. WHOISLIPITORFOR? WhocantakeLIPITOR：

Peoplewhocannotlowertheircholesterolenoughwithdietandexercise.

Adultsandchildrenover10.

WhoshouldNOTtakeLIPITOR：

Womenwhoarepregnant，maybepregnant，

ormaybecomepregnant.Lipitormayharmyourunbornbaby.

Womenwhoarebreast­

feeding.Lipitorcanpassintoyourbreastmilkandmayharmyourbaby. Peoplewithliver(肝脏)problems. POSSIBLESIDEEFFECTSOFLIPITOR

Serioussideeffectsinasmallnumberofpeople：

Muscle(肌肉)problemsthatcanleadtokidney(肾脏)problems，

includingkidneyfailure.

Liverproblems.YourdoctormaydobloodteststocheckyourliverbeforeyoustartLipitorandwhileyouaretakingit.

Callyourdoctorrightawayifyouhave： Unexplainedmusclepainorweakness，

especiallyifyouhaveafeverorfeelveryfired

Swellingoftheface，lips，tongue，

and/orthroatthatmaycausedifficultyinbreathingorswallowing

StomachpainSomecommonsideeffectsofLIPITORare： Musclepain Upsetstomach

Changesinsomebloodtests

HOWTOTAKELIPITOR DO： TakeLipitorasprescribedbyyourdoctor. Trytoeatheart­healthyfoodswhileyoutakeLipitor. TakeLipitoratanytimeofday，withorwithoutfood. Ifyoumissadose(一剂)，takeitassoonasyouremember.Butifithasbeenmorethan12hourssinceyourmisseddose，wait.Takethenextdoseatyourregulartime. Don't： Donotchangeorstopyourdosebeforetalkingtoyourdoctor. Donotstartnewmedicinesbeforetalkingtoyourdoctor. Ⅰ.以约30词概括文章大意 _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Ⅱ.根据短文内容选择最正确答案 1、WhatisamajorfunctionofLipitor? A、Tohelpquitsmoking.

B、Tocontrolbloodpressure. C、Toimproveunhealthydiet. D、Tolower“bad”cholesterol.

2、TakingLipitorishelpfulfor______________. A、breast­feedingwomen B、womenwhoarepregnant

C、adultshavingheartdisease D、teenagerswithliverproblems

3、Ifithasbeenover12hourssinceyoumissedadose，youshould_________. A、changetheamountofyournextdose B、eatmorewhentakingyournextdose C、haveadoseassoonasyouremember

D、takethenextdoseatyourregulartime

4、WhichofthefollowingisacommonsideeffectoftakingLipitor? A、Faceswelling. B、Upsetstomach. C、Kidneyfailure. D、Muscleweakness.

5、Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage? A、Toteachpatientswaysforquickrecovery.

B、Topresentareportonascientificresearch. C、Toshowtheimportanceofagoodlifestyle. D、Togiveinformationaboutakindofmedicine. 参

Ⅰ

ThetextintroducesanewprescriptionmedicinecalledLipitor，includingitsuse，itssideeffect，thepeoplewhoshouldtakeLipitorandhowtheyshouldtakethemedicine.(28words)

Ⅱ 1、解析：从ABOUTLIPITOR部分的Lipitorisaprescriptionmedicine.Alongwithdietandexercise，itlowers“bad”Cholesterol(胆固醇)inyourblood得知答案。

答案：D

2、解析：从WhoshouldNOTtakeLIPITOR部分可知：哺乳期妇女、孕妇、肝脏有问题的人不能服用Lipitor，所以正确答案为C。

答案：C

3、解析：从Butifithasbeenmorethan12hourssinceyourmisseddose，wait.Takethenextdoseatyourregulartime得知答案。

答案：D

4、解析：文中清楚告诉我们服用Lipitor后常见的副作用有：musclepain，upsetstomach，changesinsomebloodtests，所以答案为B。

答案：B

5、解析：全文主要是介绍一种处方药。 答案：D

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社会生活类---[2018·湖北卷] B

WhenmybrotherandIwereyoung,mymomwouldtakeusonTransportationDays. Itgoeslikethis:Youcan'ttakeanymeansoftransportationmorethanonce.Wewouldstartfromhome,walkingtwoblockstotherailstation.We'dtakethetrainintothecitycenter,thenabus,switchingtothetrain,thenmaybeataxi.Wealwaysconsideredtakingahorsecarriageinthehistoricdistrict,butwedidn'tlikethewaythehorsesweretreated,soweneverdid.Attheendoftheday,wetookthesubwaytoourcloseststation,whereMom'sfriendwaswaitingtogiveusaridehome—ourfirstcarrideoftheday.

ThegoodthingaboutTransportationDaysisnotonlythatMomtaughtushowtogetaround.Shewasborntobemultimodal(多方式

的).Sheunderstoodthatdependingoncarsonlywasafailureofimaginationand,aboveall,afailureofconfidence—

theproductofachildhoodnotspentexploringsubwaytunnels.

Onceyoulearntheroutemapandstepwithcertaintyoverthegapbetweenthetr

ainandtheplatform,nothingisfrighteninganymore.Newcitiesarejustlight­raillinestobeexplored.Andyourpersonalcar,ifyouhaveone,becomesjustonemoretoolinthetoolbox—

andoftenaninadequateone,limitingbothyourmobilityandyourwallet.

OnTransportationDays,wemightstopforlunchonChestrutStreetorbuyanewbookortoy,butthetransportationwasthepoint.First,itwasexcitingenoughtowatchtheworldspeedbyfromthetrainwindow.AsIgotolder,mymomhelpedmeunlockthemysteriesthatwouldotherwisehaveparalyzedmyfirstattemptstodoitmyself:HowdoIknowwheretogetoff?HowdoIknowhowmuchitcosts?HowdoIknowwhenIneedtickets,andwheretogetthem?Whattrack,whatline,whichdirection,where'sthestop,andwillIgetwetwhenwegoundertheriver?

I'mwritingthisrightnowonanairplane,ameanswedidn'ttryonourTransportationDaysand,wenowknow,thedirtiestandmostpollutingofthemall.MyflightroutedmethroughPhiladelphia.Mymultimodalmommetmefordinnerintheairport.Shetookatraintomeetme.

55、WhichwasforbiddenbyMomonTransportationDays? A、Havingacarride.

B、Takingthetraintwice. C、Buyingmorethanonetoy.

D、Touringthehistoricdistrict. 56、

Accordingtothewriter,whatwasthegreatestbenefitofherTransportationDays?

A、Buildingconfidenceinherself. B、Reducingheruseofprivatecars. C、Developinghersenseofdirection. D、Givingherknowledgeaboutvehicles.

57、Theunderlinedword“paralyzed”(inPara.5)isclosestinmeaningto“________”、

A、displayedB、justified C、ignoredD、ruined

58、Whichmeansoftransportationdoesthewriterprobablydisapproveof? A、Airplane.B、Subway. C、Train.D、Car.

【要点综述】此篇讲述了作者乘车的经历，折射出西方父母注意让孩子从小就接触和了解社会，从而培养孩子认识问题和解决问题的能力。

55、B信息理解题。由第二段第一句Itgoeslikethis：

Youcan'ttakeanymeansoftransportationmorethanonce.可知B项中twice不可以做，所以B项正确。

56、A推理判断题。由第三段中

ThegoodthingaboutTransportationDaysisnotonly…

Sheunderstoodthatdependingoncars…aboveall,afailureofconfidence…可知A为正确答案。

57、D词意猜测题。paralyze使不能正常工作，此处根据句意为“破坏，毁

坏”。母亲帮“我”解开其中的奥秘，否那么“我”当初的尝试会遭到破坏。由后面的几个问句即可得出其情景意义。其他选项不符合句意。

58、A信息理解题。最后一段的onanairplane,…

wenowknow,thedirtiestandmostpollutingofthemall.可知A正确。 *********************************************************结束

社会生活类---[2018·湖北卷] D

Howisitthatsiblings(兄弟姐

妹)canturnoutsodifferently?Oneansweristhatinfacteachsiblinggrowsupin_a_different_family.Thefirstbornis,forawhile,anonlychild,andthereforehasacompletelydifferentexperienceoftheparentsthanthosebornlater.Thenextchildis,forawhile,theyoungest,untilthesituationischangedbyanewarrival.Themotherandfatherthemselvesarechangingandgrowinguptoo.Onesiblingmightliveinastableandclosefamilyinthefirstfewyears;anothermightberaisedinafamilycrisis,withadisappointedmotheroranangryfather.

Siblingcompetitionwasidentifiedasanimportantshapingforceasearlyasin1918.Butmorerecently,researchershavefoundmanywaysinwhichbrothersandsistersarealastingforceineachothers'lives.Dr.AnnetteHendersonsaysfirstbornchildrenpickupvocabularymorequicklythantheirsiblings.Thereasonforthismightbethatthelaterchildrenaren'tgettingthesameone­on­

onetimewithparents.Butthatdoesn'tmeanthattheyoungerchildrenhaveproblemswithlanguagedevelopment.Later­

bornsdon'tenjoythatmuchtalkingtimewithparents,butinsteadtheyharvestlessonsfrombiggerbrothersandsisters,learningentirephrasesandgettinganunderstandingofsocialconceptssuchasthedifferencebetween“I”and“me”、

ACambridgeUniversitystudyof140childrenfoundthatsiblingscreatedarichworldofplaythathelpedthemgrowsocially.Love­

haterelationshipswerecommonamongthechildren.Eventhosesiblingswhofoughtthemosthadjustasmuchpositivecommunicationastheothersiblingpairs.

Onewaychildrenseekmoreattentionfromparentsisbymakingthemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblings,particularlyiftheyarecloseinage.Researchershavefoundthatthefirsttwochildreninafamilyaretypicallymoredifferentfromeachotherthanthesecondandthird.Girlswithbrothersshowtheirdifferencestoamaximumdegreebybeingmorefemininethangirlswithsisters.A2003researchpaperstudiedadolescentsfrom185familiesovertwoyears,findingthatthosewhochangedtomakethemselvesdifferentfromtheirsiblingsweresuccessfulinincreasingtheamountofwarmththeygainedfromtheirparents.

63、Theunderlinedpart“inadifferentfamily”(inPara.1)means“________”、

A、inadifferentfamilyenvironment B、inadifferentfamilytradition C、indifferentfamilycrises D、indifferentfamilies

、Intermsoflanguagedevelopment,later­borns________.

A、gettheirparents'individualguidance B、learnalotfromtheireldersiblings C、experiencealotofdifficulties D、pickupwordsmorequickly

65、Whatwasfoundaboutfightsamongsiblings? A、Siblingshatedfightingandlovedplaying. B、Siblingsinsomefamiliesfoughtfrequently. C、Siblingfightsledtobadsiblingrelationships. D、Siblingslearnedtogetontogetherfromfights.

66、Theword“feminine”(inPara.4)means“________”、 A、havingqualitiesofparents B、havingqualitiesofwomen C、havingdefensivequalities D、havingextraordinaryqualities 【要点综述】此篇是关于同一家庭里不同子女的成长情况和兄弟姐妹之间相互影响的调查报告。从中我们可以看出即使生活在同一个家庭里，兄弟姐妹成长的环境也不尽相同，他们既有区别，又相互影响。

63、A推理判断题。由划线部分下文可知，同一家庭里的兄弟姐妹由于成长的时空背景不尽相同，所以虽然他们生活在同一屋檐下，但家里的人文环境是在变化的，所以A正确。

、B信息理解题。根据第二段中的…

butinsteadtheyharvestlessonsfrombiggerbrothersandsisters…可知B项正确。

65、D信息理解题。由第三段最后一句可知D项正确。

66、B词意猜测题。由划线词的上下文可知，有兄弟的女孩比只有姐妹的女孩更有女子气质。所以B是正确答案。

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