自考高级英语上下全册课后答案

高级英语课后练习答案(上下全册）

Rock Superstars

What Do They Tell Us About OurSelves and Our Society? 课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A.Answer the following questions on the text:

1.They emphasize the theme of the article and they are appropriate. 2.The author attempts to illustrate that there are completely

different ideas about Rock Music between the young people and the adult.

3.Rock music can express its times. He sees it as a debating forum where American society struggles to define and redefine its

feelings and beliefs.

4.Elvis managed to embody the frustrated teenage spirit of the

1950s.

5.Bob Dylan spoke of civil rights, the Beatles urged peace and piety, and the Rolling Stones demanded revolution.

6.Apart from politics, the rock music also deals with feelings. 7.They got applause, praise and money.

8.No, he hasn’t. He wants the readers to think it carefully.

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B.Translate the following into Chinese:

1.他说：“贾格尔拿着装有半加仑水的罐子沿着舞台前沿跑动，把水洒到前几排狂热的观众身上。

2.你如何看待这种赞美和英雄崇拜？

3.你是不是莫名其妙地被这个怪异的小丑所吸引，因为他表现出你最疯狂的幻想。

4.一些社会学家认为你对这些问题的回答很能说明你在想些什么，你的社会在想些什么。换句话说，就是可以说明你和社会的态度。

5.只不过是艾尔维斯设法体现了50年代青少年那种失落的精神风貌。 6.感情，作为任何音乐形式的一个组成部分，是个永恒的主题。 7.这一乡村气息，赫罗威次感到，帮助听众表达了一种“逃避现实”，“重归往昔”的愿望。

8.在1972年进行的一次全国性调查中，有10％以上的高中男生和20％以上的女生把摇滚巨星视为自己的偶像。

C.Fill in the blanks in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its for when necessary. 1. embodied 2. act out 3. sprinkled 4. sweltering 5. idle

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6. rejected 7. rather than 8. Reverence

D.Choose the right word or expression in the brackets to complete each of the following sentences 1. debating 2. proud 3. mix, blend 4. conceive 5. were dressed 6. idealistic 7. admiration 8. rumbling

E.Explain the underlined words in English 1. disgusting,

2. The editor wrote against him. 3. the confusion of the old people 4. stress on peace and piety

5. the poems praise the simple joys of life 6. reflect feelings and benefits

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7. a place where various ideas are confronted and noisily debated 8. other successful rock stars recently

F.Translate the following into English

Rock music began in America in the late 1950' s. It was not only a new musical form,but a debating forum for the American youth to

express their ideas of the world and life.In this forum, the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights, war arid peace, the disaffection of their society, and a range of emotions between love and hate. All in all, in this forum,the American youth redefined the beliefs and feelings of their society. The typical

representatives of the early rock music were Elvis Presley, singer and poet Bob Dylan, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones and so on. They were the culture heroes whom the young people worshipped.

G.Write a short passage

I agree that rock is the music of the teenage rebellion. First,

rock music turns out to be a great attraction mainly to the teenagers rather than to the adults. The super rock star, Elvis

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Presley was praised and applauded by the younger generation, while he was criticized by editorials, banned by TV networks and refused by the older generation. Second, the rock music was adored and even worshiped mainly by the teenagers rather than by adults. Alice Cooper's ending of his act by pretending to end his life with a guillotine was considered marvelous by a young girl dressed in black.Fourteen-year-old Mike Perlie went to attend the rock concert, while his parents didn't,who thought Alice Cooper was sick and find it hard to bear his singing. According to one national opinion poll conducted in 1972, more than 10% of high school boys and 20% of the girls regarded a super rock Star as their hero.

Four Choices for Young Peopls 课后练习 (Exercises on the text) A.

1. They think that the world is in pretty much of a mess, full of

injustice, poverty, and war.

2. \"Drop out\" means rejecting conventional social values

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and

withdrawing from social responsibilities. The drupouts lead a

parasitic way of life because they batten on the society and in

which they take no responsibility.

3. Unlike the dropouts, they are willing to support themselves and to contribute something to the general community.

4. Because our planet is running Out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes.

5. Those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the

democratic process or who believe that basic institutions can

only be changed by force.

6. Because they lived, in bitter disillusionment, to see the

establishment they had overthrown replaced by a new one, just as

hard-faced and stuffy.

7. Such as problems of racial justice, of keeping cities from

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becoming uninhabitable, of coping with war in unfamiliar guises

and of population explosion.

8. The fourth alternative is to try to change the world gradually,

one clod at a time. The author favors this alternative because it

sometimes brings about the desired result. B.

1．很显然他所说的代表了许多同龄人的想法。

2．在过去的几年中，戏听到过许多大学外的年轻人的谈话，对于成人世界，他们也有同感。

3．他们愿意自食其力，并对社会大众做些贡献。他们不喜欢文明的环境，也就是说，不喜欢那种丑恶、紧的城市生活。 4．一些极富有的乡绅可以回到农村的田园生活。

5．对他们来说，这有一种传奇的色彩，通常是以某个有闯劲、魁力超凡的人物

为代表。

6．即使成功，他们胜利的曙光也从未照耀在他们梦想的，清除了人类一切卑鄙行经的灿烂的新世界上。

7．的机器、无论贴上什么样的政治标签，还得由市场销售，卫生工程、

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官僚机构的行家们来操作，而不是由那些极端的浪漫主义者们去操作。 8．这种方法的唯一优点是，它有时真的有效，——在一个特定的时间和地点，与其他可选的策略相比，它可以改善世界上一些倒行逆施的行为。 C.

1. satisfying 2. cleansed 3. symbolize 4. ran out of 5. striking 6. insoluble 7. disappointed 8. virtually D.

1. glance 2. relative 3. exasperated 4. noisome 5. inhabited 6. cluttered 7. ideal

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8. appeal E.

1. were just as nervous about the American society' .run by adults 2. they are not the person supported by society and gtvirig it nothing in return.

3. also has its practitioners in the old days 4. all its unpleasant and nervous things

5. their victory never begins to grow light on the sliming new world 6. this strategy is not attractive at all

7. putting right some of the world's extreme violence or cruelty than any other strategy can be found .

8. another one appears great just before you. F.

The American young people in the 1960's belonged to a rebellious generation. They saw that America, the affluent society was full of

poverty, inequality and hypocrisy.They didn't believe in this adult world which did not belong to them, and refused to follow its

beliefs and values. Many young people took active part in the wars

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against poverty, against racial discrimination and against Vietnam

War.Some young people even attempted to overthrow the establishment by force.While many other young people expressed their disaffection in a passive way, and they. used drugs, lived a parasitic life

without taking any responsibility in society, or escaped to the

unspoiled country to live a rather primitive communal life. G.

The fourth choice for young people to make is to try to change the world gradually,one clod at a time.I agree with the author that this alternative lacks attraction at first glance. It promises no

quick results and has to rely on the annoying and uncertain

persuasion from agents and democratic decision making. It requires

patience, which people are always short of.But in a particular time and place it does work. It is more likely to overcome some of the social problems than any other available choice.As we know, one has

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to lead a rather undignified life,if he makes the choice to drop out

to live a parasitic life.It's no longer practical if one chooses to

flee and to have a more primitive way of life.And those in favor of

armed revolution are destined to feel disappointed whether they

succeed or not. Since revolution can not eventually bring forth a

bright future they dreamed of. What I disagree with the author is

that in a particular time and place — only an armed revolution can work which has been evidenced by the May-Forth Movement against the feudal system in the 1920s. And it's also evidenced by the Anti-- Japanese War in the 1940s.

The Use of Force

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By William Carlos Williams

课后练习 (Exercises on the text) A.

1. Because it was very damp sometimes and it was warm in the kitchen. 2. Because they were all very nervous.

3. She kept the doctor from knowing her secret—her illness. 4. Because the doctor had to make sure whether the girl had caught diphtheria.

5. Because she reduced it to splinters.

6. He forced the heavy silver spoon back of her teeth and down her throat till she gagged. Thus he got to see her throat. 7. Yes, the girl's physical beauty made a contrast with her stupid behavior of not letting the doctor look her over.

8. Generally speaking, he is right/hut lie may try to persuade tlie girl to obey him in a mild way. B.

1．我到她家时先遇到她的母亲，她一副惊讶、害怕的表情。她穿着很干净，只是礼貌地说，您是医生吗？就让我进去了。

2．他试图站起来，我示意他不要麻烦，脱去外套，开始检查。

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3．像往常一样，在这种情况下，他们不会告诉我更多情况，而是理应由我来告诉他们。

4．我尽量露出我的职业微笑，询问小女孩的名字。我说，过来，玛蒂尔…… 5．此时我已厌恶地咬牙切齿，要不是他们使用“伤害”这个词，我可能早就采取行动了。

6．在接下来的斗争中，他们变得越来越可怜，被制服，甚至精疲力竭，而小女孩由于害怕我而产生的狂怒却达到了顶点。

7．她的嘴开了一下，我还没来的及看清楚，她又闭上了嘴，紧紧地用臼齿咬住木压舌板。我还没来的及将它拔出，她已把它咬成了碎片。

8．那个可恶的小家伙很愚蠢，但我应当保护她，此时我对自己这样说。 C.

1. apprehension 2. terrifying 3. overpowering 4. contemptible 5. motioned 6. profusion 7.ensuing 8. coax D.

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1. terrifyingly 2. coaxed 3. contemptible 4. apprehension 5. apology 6. terrifying 7. desist 8. admonished E.

1. guilty

2. it's my responsibility

3. there's been a lot people who fell sick around here 4. nothing has been done 5. in view of the possibility

6. we continue to do this (examine her throat) till very end 7. became, irrational . 8. the pleasure to attack her F.

Mathilda had been; ill for, three days, Her mother gave her some medicine, but it did no good, so a doctor had to be sent

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for.

Because there had. been, a number of cages of diphtheria in the

school to which Mathilda went and two children died of it, the

doctor wanted to look her throat over first after he arrived at the Olson's. She wouldn't open her mouth no matter how he coaxed her, then the doctor had to get the tongue depressor into her mouth, but Mathilda should reduced it to splinters.To protect Mathilda herself and other children, the doctor must find out whether she had caught diphtheria, so that he. could, give her timely treatment. Then he

told Mathilda's father to hold both her wrists while he himself

opened her mouth up with effort and found that she did catch

diphtheria. The story reminds us of such a thing: some of the

things in life can't be done by one's willingness and in some cases, using certain force seems essential. G.

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The doctor thought the symptom of the girl was like that of

diphtheria, and it happened that there were a number of cases of

diphtheria in the school where the girl was in. So the doctor tried to coax to open her mouth. He took many ways, e.g., telling her terrible result of diphtheria, requiring her to go to hospital,

which she was very afraid of etc, but she did not cooperate with him. Finally, his social responsibility, his authority as a doctor and the strategy to his respect forced him to open her mouth to see her throat by force. I think the doctor's behavior is right,because in reality it is necessary to use force to do something in certain circumstances in which voluntary isn't enough Die as You Choose

课后练习 (Exercises on the text) A.

1. Yes, it is.

2. Because euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment. 3. Passive euthanasia--letting patients die; Active euthanasia-

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killing. They make some difference, but in some cases, active

euthanasia is better than passive euthanasia when medical

treatment has become meaningless.

4. It is a statement written by a person in the state of sound mind which says what measures should be taken and whether should be

treated when he suffers from incurable disease.

5. Yes, Hippocrats explicitly ruled out euthanasia in his oath for doctors, but most ancient Greek doctors and thinkers disagreed

with his ban. By presenting this, the author wanted to tell the reader; even those people had the courage to disagree with

Hippocrates' ban, why can't we support euthanasia today? 6. It might pose dangers for society by setting a precedent for

kill¬ing.

7. Because opposition was too fierce because of the shadow of the past.

8. The author thinks the patient is entitled to determine his own

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death and he tends to favor euthanasia. B.

1．现在迫切需要制定有关安乐死的法律。

2．在荷兰，安乐死已被医疗机构接受，并于每年公开实施数千次。 3．这场有关安乐死的辩论将持续到秋天，直到加利福尼亚人投票表决了一项 提议，使安乐死合法化。

4．许多人认为用所能使用的医疗科技来延长死亡前的痛苦是悲哀的、不高尚的、可怕的。

5．这种主动实施与被动使用安乐死的区别还能维持多长时间呢？ 6．如果他使用足够数量的止痛片来为其实施安乐死就有错了吗？医生采取行 动，就应当受到谴责吗？

7．这不是一种巧合，当时荷兰医生就英勇反抗用人体做医学试验。 8．不间断提倡思想和行动自由的国家对主动实施安乐死进行性规定，就没有什么可担心的了。 C.

1. dodged 2. intrude 3. withhold 4. ushered 5. legalize 6. precedent 7. credible 8. arguable D.

1. dodge 2. drowned out 3. intruding 4. omission 5. oath 6. withholding 7. arguable 8. credible E.

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1. mercifully easy and painless death for persons suffering from an

in¬curable and painful disease, esp. the doctor let the patients

die oh their own request 2. resulting in arguments

3. something that religion or custom regards as forbidden 4. everything could be used or done 5. creating an earlier example of killing 6. those who are too modest and scrupulous 7. polemical, arguable 8. support, be in favour of F.

The need for laws on euthana sia, can't be dodged for much longer.

Eu¬thanasia is a taboo in most countries. In these countries doctors

can only practise it secretly. But it is openly practised in. some countries, such as Holland. Right now more and more countries are

going over me arguments about legalizing euthanasia.

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When a patient suffers from illness for a long time and there is

no hope of curing it,why do we let him prolong the throes? Why can't we practise euthanasia to stop the throes?

But if we legalize euthanasia,there will be a danger. Someone may use it for killing. AH in all, euthanasia is the question we can't dodge. G.

Euthanasia is a problem discussed for a long time. There are two attitudes in the world at present. How is euthanasia handled in different countries?

Holland, which has rules for euthanasia and so can police it effectively. In Holland, mercy - killing is accepted by the medical establishment and openly practiced a few thousand times each year. They think one of a doctor's duties is to prevent suffering,

sometimes that is all there is left for him to do, and killing is the only way to do it.

In the most countries, euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment, secretly practiced many times more often, and almost never comes to light, in America, Britain and many other countries. They believe that the time of death is appointed by God and that no

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man should put the clock back on another. But now most American States have 'living -will' legislation that protects doctors from prosecution if they do not try to save someone who has said he does not want life prolonged.

But now if euthanasia is legalized how long can the distinction between killing and letting death hold out? The legal framework for euthanasia, permits a doctor to comply with dying man's request in a prescribed set of circumstance. But this will make someone use it to kill the others. So whether euthanasia should be legalized is a

problem which has been discussed for a long time.

I'd Rather Be Black than Female By Shirley Chisholm

课后练习 (Exercises on the text) A.

1. She is the first black woman elected to Congress.

2. Because part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second-class citizens

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than blacks ever were.

3. women do most of the tedious work; while men reap the rewards. 4. A very important statistic.

5. They are invariably paid less than a man for the same job. 6. Women predominate in the lower-paying, menial 4 unrewarding, dead-end jobs.

7. She is determined to help solve the problems of children, of military spending, of racial prejudice, of laws against unfair housing and unfair employment practices.

8. They are of empathy, tolerance, insight, patience, and persistence.

These are the qualities women naturally have. B.

1．我是第一个克服这两个不利因素的人。

2．美国白人一一一包括那些自认为开明的自由主义者——需要很多年的时间来发现，并消除他们所有的种族主义态度。

3．在这样的职位中。她们可能会获得几次免费参加抑或全国会议，或党和共

和党各自召开的全国代表大会。她们所做的也只是按照男的方式投一样的票。

4．当一位聪明的女学生毕业后开始找工作时，为什么第一个问题总是：“你

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会打字吗？”

5．每一次我试图再上一个新台阶时，许多人会劝我回到妇女的职业，做一名教师，把政治留给男人。

6．但直到这些发生——我们知道这不是今年或朋年的事——因此我们所要做的是要更多的妇女进人政界，因为我们对此有特殊贡献。

7．妇女善解人意、宽容，具有很强的洞察力、耐心和毅力——这些都是我们与生俱来或由于受男人的压制而形成的品质，女人能把这些品质带到中来。

8．目前，我们的国家也许在政治上比其他任何领域更需要女人的理想主义和决心。 C.

1. makes the difference 2. phenomena 3. menial 4. prejudice 5. separate 6. predominate 7. rather than 8. thought of D.

1. incredulous

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2. tune tone 3. empathy 4. vacation 5. contented 6. illuminated 7. persistence 8. morale E.

1. being a black man is much less disadvantageous than being a woman 2. Woman in America are much more forced to accept some beliefs 3. destiny

4. People who offer to do something 5. When I tried to escape that role

6. 1 faced the hostility which wasn't covered up

7. 1 was talking ... about, a young woman who is seeming likely to succeed as a candidate

8. the law ... was put into effect instead of being, kept out of the way. F.

American women contributed a lot to the development of the society

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but they have been suffering from sexual discrimination of all kinds- In politics, they have done all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat on election day, while men reaped the rewards. Economically, women predominate in the lower-paying, dead-end jobs and they are invariably paid less than a

man for the same job. Many Americans don’t think it is prejudice against women, but say that it is just the division of labor. And many American women are content with their role as second-class citizen. So

according to the author, it will be a long and hard struggle for women to gain the real equality. G.

In the U. S., there is a strong prejudice against women. But it will be much harder to eliminate the prejudice. It will be a longer struggle. That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men as bizarre. And part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second-class citizens than blacks ever were. Nevertheless, women have many special qualities that the country needs. It is women who can bring empathy, tolerance, insight, patience, and persistence

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to the government. The women of a nation mold its morals, its religion, and its politics by the lives they live. At present, the country needs women's idealism and determination, perhaps more in politics than anywhere else. What the country needs is more women in politics, because they have a very special contribution to make. A Good Chance

by Elizabeth Cook-Lynn

课后练习 (Exercises on the text) A.

1. \"I\" is a friend of Magpie, tine narrator of the story. ' 2. Because she wanted to tell him the good 'news and let him make a

decision for himself.

3. He got into trouble during the protest, then was put in jail and he was on parole when the narrator came to find him.

4. No, She didn't. She thought that Magpie no longer needed that. 5. Salina thought that Magpie had a right to know about the chance. 6. The patrolmen in it were watching all the people connected with Magpie.

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7. Yes. He did. The narrator said that Magpie, could find a kind of satisfying isolation at the university and Elgie agreed with her at last.

8. There was injustice in the American society at that time. B.

1．在他反对，反对美国印第安人委员会时，他变得越来越可怕，充满怨恨，我也为他担心。

2．好吧，你愿意怎么想就怎么想吧，但你最近和他谈过吗？你知道他现在的状况吗？

3．如果像你所说的他是一名印第安人，不管这是什么意思，如果他亲口对我说他这次只是回来呆在这儿，我也不再劝他了。

4．一辆警车缓慢地驶向我们停车的拐角处，巡警目不转睛地盯着我们三个人，我们假装没注意到。

5．我想你来的正好润为在这种不间断的监视、检查之下，喜鹊需要一些宽慰。

6．“还有件事”，埃尔吉继续说：“喜鹊不应该在那儿，明白吗？因为假释

的条件之一就是他应该远离他的朋友、亲戚和以前的同谋罪犯，甚至不能见任何人。

7．但是一片寂静笼罩着整座房子，我感到有些忧虑。当我们走进敞着的后门时，看到许多人站在厨房里。

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8．我用手紧紧握着他的诗，两个拇指使劲按压平滑的纸板文件夹。 C.

1. hesitant 2. whereabouts 3. segregate 4. tentative 5. clicks

6. noncommittally 7. intently 8. agitation D.

1.segregated 2.embittered 3. incredible 4. noncommittal 5. unrealistic 6. intently 7. hesitant 8. scoffed

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E.

1. abandoned me

2. threatening: and .discontented 3. understand 4. know

5. got disturbed 6. moved by inches along 7. not clear about

8. some unworthy man who likes inspecting others F.

I was very pleased when I knew that a university in California gave Magpie the scholarship, and he could go to the Fine Arts School of it. I knew that he had been meaning to be a poet and he had such talent. It was a good chance for him. So I went back to Crow Creek to tell him the good news and get him to fill out some papers. Magpie was not home and his wife said they hadn't been together for a while and she only heard he's in Chamberlain. Then 1 went to Salina and asked her to help me. Salina said that Magpie had changed a lot since he was arrested and put in jail, and she thought that he was no longer interested in going to the university of the whites'. But 1 said Magpie had a right to know about it and

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he should make a decision for himself. She agreed and went with me to find Elgie, Magpie's good friend. But finally when I was about to see Magpie, he had already been shot by the policeman. G.

The people in the story think of Magpie's opportunity of going to study in the university differently. Each has his or her own ideas. Amelia, Magpie's wife, doesn't think Magpie will go to California- He will never leave here even if he is told the news. According to Amelia, Magpie is happy now, finally. He is in good spirits, handsome and free and strong. He sits at the drum and sings with his brothers: he's okay now. Then the narrator goes to Salina for help. Salina says Magpie does not have those worthless, shitty dreams anymore. According

to Elgie, the good friend of Magpie's, Magpie has changed and is for complete separation, segregation and total isolation from the whites. He agrees with the narrator's points: it's a chance for him to study, to write, and he can find a kind of satisfying isolation in that. The narrator is delighted to learn the news. She thinks that Magpie is interested and he has such talent, so this is a good chance for him.

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Miss Brill

by Katherin Mansfield

课后练习 (Exercises on the text) A.

1. It was brilliantly fine.

2. She loved it and called it \"dear little thing\". 3. Because the Season had begun.

4. Because she always looked forward to the conversation. 5. She felt that there was something funny about nearly all of them. They were odd, silent, nearly all old.

6. She most probably was a prostitute. Because the man was very rude to her and she was not offended. 7. They were all on stage.

8. She taught English to pupils and accompanied an old man. 9. Because what the boy and girl said hurt her feeling. 10. She felt very sad. B.

1．湛蓝的天空金光灿烂，大片大片的犹如白葡萄酒倾洒在公园，虽然天气

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晴朗，明媚，布里尔小姐还是很高兴自己决定围这条毛皮围巾。

2．就像一个人只为家人演出，而没有其他人在场，怎么演奏也无所谓。 3．有时一个蹒跚学步的小孩突然从树底下摇摇晃晃地走出来，停下看看，突然“扑通”一声坐在地上，其娇小的妈妈高抬脚步，像只母鸡一样跑过来，一边责备他，一边将他扶起。

4．但是乐队好像知道她的感受，演奏的更轻松、更柔和，鼓声一遍又一遍地敲出“畜牲！畜牲！”

5．他抬起衰老的头，一双老眼中闪出两个光点。

6．她也会加入。那些坐在长凳上的其他人——他们也会加人进来，一起合唱——低声唱，音调平缓，很好听的一一很动人的。

7．如果有杏仁。就像带回家一件小礼物，—份惊奇，一件本来可能不在那儿的东西。

8．有杏仁的星期日，她精神抖擞地赶回家，迅速地划根火柴，准备烧开水。 C.

1. flapped 2. clasping 3. swooping 4. scraped 5. get used to 6. strode

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7. drifted 8. rescued D.

1. got used to 2. splash 3. waved 4. swooped 5. rescue 6. rubbing 7. scrubbed 8. made a point E.

1. she had chosen to wear her fur neckpiece. 2. And she'd talked the whole time

3. with the rhythm of the music and was almost knocked over by four girls walking side by side

4. regarded it necessary to leave home 5. she should keep her silly old face at home 6. Sunday pleasure

7. the Sundays when she bought a slice of cake with an almond in it

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8. she went forward without entering the baker's F.

Miss Brill was an Englishwoman who was old and poor and lived in a

seaside city in France. She went to the park every Sunday afternoon, and she always sat on the same bench, listening to the conversation around her, or watching other people's life going on before her eyes. That Sunday afternoon, she came up with a feeling that she herself was a part of the whole company. She felt that life was like a play and she had her own part. Then her feeling of loneliness began to leave away from her. Just at that moment she heard the young couple speaking of her in despise, and the young man even whispered to let her go away. The short feeling of happiness disappeared, and she cameback home with a broken heart. G.

Miss Brill was British who lived in France. She made a living by teaching children English and taking care of an old man. To get away the feeling of loneliness, she went to garden every Sunday afternoon. There she sat on a seat listening to the conversations of others or observing the people around her. A particular Sunday afternoon, she

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had a strange feeling. She became an actress and play a part in the play around her. She imagined that others all paid attention of her, even the old gentleman she took care of. She was intoxicated in it. But just at that time, a pair of youth couldn't show love to each other only because of her. Then they talked about her scornfully. She heard that and wanted back to the realization that she was so disgusting. She put away the fur she always put on and tasted her broken heart herself.

A Lesson in Living by Maya Angelou

课后练习 (Exercises on the text) A.

1. Maybe she did.

2. Because Momma might have asked her to help Marguerite. Mrs. Flowers asked Marguerite to carry her provisions to her house and she gave her a lesson in living.

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3. She had a talk with Marguerite.

4. She meant that Marguerite shouldn't tolerate ignorance because it was the consequence of not studying and she should understand illiteracy because they were deprived of education owning to their poverty.

5. Yes, she was. Her problem was that she could scarcely talk in class.

6. No, she wasn't. She was quiet because of her unpleasant experience.

7. Because she really wanted to help her. , 8. By her talking and reading. .

9. Mrs. Flowers threw her the first lifeline. 10. No, they weren't. B.

1．她的皮肤黝黑，如果被尖锐的东西弄破，就会像子皮一样剥落下来。 2．如果是另一位与她健康状况。年龄相仿的黑人妇女，就会自己把装好东西的纸袋拿回家去。

3．弗劳尔斯夫人走在前边，摆动双臂，小心地躲开石头。 4．词的含义不止写在纸上的那些。

5．人的声音可以赋予它们更加深刻的含义。 6．她建议我尽量用不同的方法大声朗读同一个句子。

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7．在我看来她期待我的回答。

8．她说这些质朴无华的话语表达了一代又一代人的集体智慧。 C.

1. ruffled 2. singled out 3. let alone 4. infused 5. memorize 6. the measure of 7. intolerant 8. cascade D.

1. memorize 2. intolerant 3. infuse 4. common 5. intimate 6. occurred 7. respectful

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8. separate E.

1. gave me the first thing on which my life depended 2. fill

3. was necessarily true 4. how important it was 5. I had the idea 6. selected me

7. conceive a liking for F.

Man created language and made it a way of communicating with his fellow man. One of the differences between oral language and written language is that oral language takes the human voice to infuse words with the shades of deeper meaning. Mrs., Flowers read A Tale of Two City so nicely that she seemed to be singing. From her reading I felt the wonder of language. Mrs. Flowers gave me some novels and poems. From these books 1 learned the worth of life, and realized how beautiful the language of literature was.

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G.

Mrs. Flowers did a lot to teach Marguerite the important lesson in living. Mrs. Flowers told her many logical, reasonable, and practical things, though some of them were quite new and abstract to her. She said language is man's way of communicating with his fellow man and it is language alone which separates him from the lower animals. Words mean more than what is set down on paper. It takes the human voice to infuse them with the shades of deeper meaning. She also said Marguerite must always be intolerant of ignorance but understanding of illiteracy. All this, no doubt, helped to enlarge Marguerite's scope of thinking and knowledge. Mrs Flowers did something to influence her. She intentionally invited Marguerite for cookies and lemonade so that they could have a chat. As Marguerite was eating, Mrs. Flower began the lesson, and encouraged her to listen carefully to what country people called mother wit. After eating cookies, the novel A Tale of Two Cities was brought out and she read to her like reading poetry. Mrs. Flowers also asked her to recite a poem next time. All these acts did influence Marguerite a lot. In making the cookies and reading the novels, Mrs. Flowers appeared to be so skillful, gentle, kind, modest and she paid much attention to

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some details. To Marguerite, Mrs. Flowers was a real

gentlewoman and remained the measure of what a human being can be. Thus, Marguerite was guided out of a dead alley into a world of knowledge and enlightenment.

The Trouble with Television A Prominent anchorman warns of

TV's adverse effect on america's culture by Rober MacNeil

课后练习 (Exercises on the text) A .

1. Because watching TV needs no effort.

2. In those hours one could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. One could have learned several languages fluently. One could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. One could have walked around the world and written a book about it.

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3. It encourages viewers to apply no effort. It sells them instant gratification. It diverts them only to divert, to make the lime pass without pain.

4. Because capturing and holding the viewer's attention is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle.

5. The practice of news, in his view, results in inefficient communication.

6. Because what television tends to cultivate: is that complexity must be avoid, that visual stimulation is, a substitute for bought, that verbal precision is an anachronism.

7. Because everything about this nation has become more complex, not less. Yet television sells neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions.

8. He hopes people will join him in resisting TV's adverse effect on America's culture. B .

1．美国人所做的，比看电视花费更长时间的只是工作和睡觉。 2．几乎所有生活中有趣的和有益的事都需要建设性的和不懈的努力。 3．我们当中最笨的、最没有天赋的人所能做成的事情，在那些从不集中精 神做任何事情的人看来筒直就是奇迹。

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4．它已成为一种很时髦的想法，就像快餐一样，速成观念正是走入高速活 动的、急躁不安的公众的方法。

5．这可能有些过时，但我所受的教育是，思想是准确语法排列的语言。 6．尽管我还不会简单到认为电视是造成这一现象的主要原因，但我认为它 起了一定的作用，有一定的影响。

7．以前什么时候把整个国家都交给新闻媒体了呢？，

8．如果我错了，用怀疑和批判的眼光来看这件事，考虑如何抵制它、也不 会有什么害处。 C . 1. exposed 2.divert 3. evade

4. Statistically speaking 5. anachronism 6. assumption 7. stimulus 8. skeptical D . 1. divided 2. mysterious

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3. obtainable 4.prominent 5. enhance 6. dismissable 7. accompanied 8. adverse E .

1. is on a never-ending journey led by a guide

2. wrongfully lakes one of the highly valued natural abilities of human

3. not to injure the attention of anyone by using it too much 4. the careless ideas that television lends to develop 5. awesome TV creators

6. the technique is against coherence

7. I would not be so simple-minded as to believe

8. Literacy may not be a human right that cannot be given away or taken away. F .

Man's alien! ion span is very short- In order to capture a viewer's attention, television must provide constant stimulation

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through variety, novelty, action and movement. In doing so, news is rather short, and it results in inefficient communication; much of the news is like \"machine-gunning with scraps\ the coherence of thought. The TV's appeal to the short attention span is decivilizing as well. Avoiding complexity means sacrificing thought. Among adult Americans, there are more and more

\"functionally illiterate\" people, who even cannot answer the want ad or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle. At least, TV is partly responsible for this. Television, since its first prevalence over radio in the 1950s, has played a more and more important role in people's lives. Some are of the opinion that TV is enlightening. It has become so much a part of human life that a modern world without television is unimaginable. But I, on the other hand, argue against TV. I think TV's disadvantages outweigh its advantages. I want to draw your attention to the fact that television is decivilising. In the first place, watching TV takes too much of our time. Children rush to TV immediately after school. Some people sit in front of TV all day long. In this way, reading is entirely ignored. Do you remember the days when we had no TV? We read stories, listened to radio programs from which we benefited a lot. I dare say that the generation accompanied by TV will be less literate. In the second place, watching TV doesn't involve much

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thinking. When we take up reading, we need to think and imagine before we can thoroughly understand the writer. However, when we watch TV, what we have to do is to open our eyes and enjoy whatever is shown. Little by little we will become slow in thinking. The Tenth Man by Graham Greene

课后练习 (Exercises on the text) A

1. In a cell in France which was occupied by German troops. 2. They were killed by Frenchmen.

3. To kill one Frenchman in every ten in that camp. 4. No, they didn't. 5. To draw lots.

6.They were Voisin, Lenoire and Chavel.

7. Voisin and Lenoire accepted them quietly, but Chavel cried. 8. He decided to give a hundred thousand francs to anyone who would take his slip. B .

1．他讲话很突然，想给人一种气力很足的印象，而实际上没有丝毫气度。

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2．老职员牺牲了一封家里来信，开始准备签。 3．他们把这些纸条在地上混合起来，放入鞋中。 4．任何人都不能用得救的喜悦来戏弄那要死的人。 5．当第十个人抽完后，一种怨恨感困扰着他。

6．尽管他抽到死签的可能性是15比1，对他极为有利，此时查维尔没有感到一点儿高兴。

7．从那时开始，死签对于查维尔来说越来越可怕，越来越不可避免。 8．他从鞋中抽出一，感到这是他的同伴的意志强加给他的，带有铅笔划的叉，又把它扔了回去，抓了另一。 C .

1. deluding 2. odds 3. summed up 4. implored 5. compassionate 6. legible 7. daunted 8. beforehand D .

1. allotment

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2. contemptuous 3. even 4. legible 5. shameful 6. abrupt 7. grievances 8. daunted E .

1. our soldiers

2. not caring for which three of you to die 3. duty for caring for their families

4. adapting a wrong method to decide who has to die 5. the last chance to gamble

6. feeling of something pressing him

7. connect the fear of death with his behavior F .

One night, two Germans were killed by Frenchmen. The next day a German officer announced to 30 French prisoners: \"My orders are that one man in every ten shall be shot tomorrow. We are quite indifferent as to which three. You can choose for yourselves. \"

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The prisoners had a heated argument as to who should die. Someone said the oldest should go first, and it's the way of nature. Someone said the unmarried should go first, because they had no family responsibilities. At last, all agreed to draw lots lo decide which three to die. A wealthy lawyer unfortunately drew the death slip. He said: \"I'll give a hundred thousand francs to anyone who'll take this slip. \" G .

One night, two German officers were murdered. The next day, a German officer came to the cell where 30 Frenchmen were

imprisoned. He ordered that one man in every ten should be shot. That is to say,' 3 would be shot. Then he continued to say that the Frenchmen could choose for themselves. After that, there was a heated, argument among the Frenchmen as to who should die. Someone said that the eldest should, because it was the way of nature. Someone else said that the unmarried should, because they had no family responsibilities. Finally, all agreed to draw lots. Whoever drew the death lot should be shot. Unfortunately, a lorry driver got a death lot. Then the same thing happened to Lenoire, an elderly clerk. But both of them accepted all this calmly. In

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the end, a rich lawyer drew a death lot. He was so frightened that he offered 100, 000 francs to whoever would take the lot.

On Getting Off to Sleep by J.B. Priestley

课后练习 (Exercises on the text) A.

1. The author thinks that humor: can save grace of us and weshould die of vexation without it. 2.Yea. 3.No. . 4. No. 5. No.

6. The author thinks that the matter of sleep can best illustrate the contrariness of things.

7. He can do anything but sleep when he lies between the sheets at a late hour.

8. The author thinks that the best way of inducing sleep is to imagine a dialogue with a friend, whose task ,without

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anything like fancy and wit, is boring. B.

1．人是一个矛盾的集合体！

2．我们的思想和头脑中的意象是完全有形的东西。

3．我过去常常怀着惊奇的心情去读那些吹捧好战的超人的故事…… 4．人为的催眠法有很多，但都不灵。

5．当她的大脑对这种单调的生活感到厌倦时，睡眠自然就会来。 6．她最喜欢的方法就是想象一幅画在墙上没挂正，她去把它弄正。 7．但是我还没有放弃寻找加快睡眠的方法。

8. 今天晚上，我就要抛弃诸如数跳羊和扶歪画之类的想象。 C.

1. clenched 2. refreshed 3. straighten 4. remonstrated 5. of no avail 6. eventual 7. meditated 8. inhuman

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D.

1. contradiction 2. dim 3. tormented 4. induces 5. meditated 6. literal 7. imaginary 8. crooked E.

1. the opposites in a contradiction 2. go on shilly-shally 3 .inconsistent provocation 4. come in continuous crowds 5. coming out

6. considering these words to be true, I would do according to the fables. 7. protest 8.lulling F.

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Someone will sleep as soon as his head touches the pillow. Someone will pass hours in sleeplessness in bed. The very act of concentration makes him more wakeful than ever. 1 belong to the latter. I die of sleepiness when I write. But when I get into bed, 1 can do anything but sleep. I can compose grand symphonies, paint magnificent pictures and write wonderful articles. The artificial ways of inducing sleep are legion but are only alike in their ineffectuality. When 1 can't sleep at night, I imagine a dialogue with an imaginary friend till 1 either laugh or fall asleep. I find that it answers to induce sleep. G.

In this essay, sleeplessness is talked about ironically. Therefore, touches of humour and exaggerations can be seen here and there. For instance, \"… stare at the reproachfully blank paper…\ \"sleep is a coy mistress, much given to a teasing inconsistency …\" Reading these, the audience can' t help laughing. In the mean time, the author's meaning is forcefully conveyed. One example will suffice to show that the author is a master of exaggeration. In the essay, he said, \"When I am in the humour, I can compose grand symphonies …\" In this way, the

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author's ideas are vividly presented. According to the author, insomnia is an agony. But it is praiseworthy. It shows the man lacks no sympathy or depth if he suffers from sleeplessness. On the other hand, those who find no difficulty in falling asleep are inhuman and are lacking in depth.

Why I Write by Georeg Orwell

课后练习 (Exercises on the text) A.

1. He wants to write books with a political purpose. 2. The four great motives are: (1) sheer egoism (2) aesthetic enthusiasm (3) historical impulse (4) political purpose 3. He is against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism. 4. He thinks that the more one is conscious of one's political bias, the more chance one has of acting politically without

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sacrificing one's aesthetic and intellectual integrity. 5. The Spanish war and other events in 1936.

6. No. He thinks that by the time you have perfected any style of writing, you have always outgrown it.

7. He thinks that we shouldn't write sheer purple passage which is meaningless. 8. Yes. B.

1．而后形成了不讨人喜欢的癖性，使我在整个学生生涯中都不受欢迎。 2．作为一个小孩，我常常想象着自己是令人激动的冒险故事的主角。 3．一缕金黄的透过平纹薄棉布窗帘，斜射在桌子上。 4．他写作的主题是由他生活的时代所决定的。 5．我认为有四种写作动机，至少写散文是这样。

6．认为艺术应当与政治无关的观点本身就是一种政治态度。

7．这更加深了我对当局本能的憎恨，第一次真正意识到了工人阶级的存在。

8．1936年至1937年发生的西班牙战争和其他一些事件改变了这种情况，我了解了我的立场。 C

1. effaced

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2. slant 3. outgrown 4. perverse 5. shivering 6. outweighs 7. reconciled 8. undervalued D.

1. immature 2. fluctuated 3. force 4. reconciled 5. downright 6. simile 7. shiver 8. readable E.

1. unsociable deisposition

2. people who are imagined, not real people

3. the usual kind of writing that I was obliged to do

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4. attract listeners

5. those most respected in society

6. collect them for the future use by the descendants 7. the same group, party or cause 8. knew by chance F.

As a very small child, I made up my mind to become a writer in future. When I became a writer, what I have most wanted to do is to make political writing into a work of art. The opinion that art should have nothing to do with politics is wrong. Writing is exposing lies, protecting truth and also an aesthetic experience. Animal Farm was the book in which I tried to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole. Writing should serve the society and the public. This is the principle I must follow. If a writer lacks political purpose, he will only write some purple passages, even some humbug. G.

According to Orwell, no book is genuinely free from political bias. The opinion that art should have nothing to

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with politics is itself a political attitude. If a writer lacks a political purpose, he will write lifeless books and be betrayed into purple passages. On the other hand, aesthetic experience must be taken into consideration. If it were not for an aesthetic experience, he wouldn't be able to write anything. He said he couldn't and wouldn't abandon the world view that he acquired in childhood. He would like to feel strongly about the prose style. What is important is that political purpose and aesthetic considerations must be perfectly combined. The more one is conscious of one's political bias, the more chance one has of acting politically without sacrificing one's aesthetic intellectual integrity. One word, political purpose and artistic purpose must be fused into one whole. Work

by Bertrand Russell

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

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A.

1. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Moreover the exercise of choice is in itself tiresome.

2. Because whatever they decide to do for themselves, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter.

3. I think idleness is more unbearable than boredom from doing tedious work because idleness is a waste of time and life. Since an idle man is not doing anything and not accomplishing anything, he can' t derive any feeling of accomplishment, success or satisfaction.

4. In the view of the author, the housewives do not receive wages, have no means of bettering themselves, are taken granted by their husbands, and are valued by them not for their housework but for quite other qualities. I agree with him in this respect .because housewives have no chances of success just by doing housework, especially when success in most work is measured by income. 5. All work can offer continuous pleasure to the worker provided that the skill required is either variable or capable of indefinite improvement.

6. In construction the initial state of affairs is comparatively

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haphazard, while the final state of affairs embodies a purpose. In destruction the reverse is the case; the initial state of affairs embodies a purpose, while the final state of affairs is haphazard, that is to say, all that is intended by the destroyer is to produce a state of affairs which does not embody a certain purpose.

7. In Russell' s view constuctiveness is the most powerful motive for work.

8. In my opinion, the elements that make work interesting include: the exercise of skill, and the feeling of accomplishment, success and satisfaction. B.

1．只有在高度文明的社会中人才会很好地利用闲暇的时间，而目前很少有人能达到这个水平。

2．因此人们需要工作。首先它可以避免无聊感。因为一个人从事必需但无兴趣的工作带来的无聊感，同整日什么也不做产生的无聊感相比起来，也就 不算什么了。

3．但是尽管这种工作很枯燥，如果它能提高一个人的声誉，不管是笼统地说整个世界，还是在自己的小圈子里，它都变成可以忍受的了。

4．那些家庭主妇没有工资，也没有办法改善自己的生活，她们的劳动被丈夫认为是理所当然的，丈夫所重视的不是她做的家务，而是她的其他品质。

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5．律师或政治家的工作必须以更令人愉快的方式，包括从玩桥牌中获得的同样的快乐。

6．我可以想象出一个能干的外科医生，不管他工作的地方条件多么艰苦，他从精湛、准确的手术中得到满足。

7．令人庆幸的是，还有相当一部分工作新的条件要求新技术，这样人们可以继续提高，至少可以到中年时期。

8．在建筑物的建造过程中，以前制定好的计划得以实施，而在拆除过程中，没有人明确规定拆除工作结束后，那些残瓦碎片如何摆放 C.

1. by means of 2. actuated

3. taken for granted 4. outwit 5. irked 6. by no means 7. procure 8. by all means D.

1. desirable 2. is apt

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3. literal 4. variable 5. provided 6. pretenses 7. requires 8. kill E.

1 .work that is quite annoying, too much in number 2. by going after the big animals 3. is judged by salary 4. can be put in grades

5. there is no this competing feature 6. in this field, in this aspect

7. It is never completely finished and there is nothing left to do.

8. reaching the stage that further progress appears impossible F.

The first thing Russell thinks is the most ordinary function of work, namely the relief of tedium. He thinks even the dullest work is less painful than idleness to most people. Then he talks

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about how the work can provide the people with opportunities for their ambitions. Man, as a member of the society, hopes that he can procure more and more social achievements. He points out that most women are so unfortunate that they can not work outside their homes. They are deprived of this chance. It seems that different kinds of work give people satisfaction to different degrees. Russell studies the concerning two chief elements, that is the exercise of skill and construction. When he analyzes the latter, Russell finds an opportunity to express his profound hatred to the war and social violence. G.

As a great thinker, Bertrand Russell had his own views on man's motives in work. Firstly, he thinks work prevents boredom. This is obviously true when we compare the feeling of those who have nothing to do with his days with that of those who are busy with their work all day long. Another advantage associated with this is that it makes holidays much more delicious when they come. Secondly, Russell thinks that work provides people with opportunities for success and the realization of ambition. This is also true because success can't be separated from one' s work and it is only through work that one can have a chance of success

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and thus realize his ambition. Finally, Russell thinks interesting work makes it possible for people to enjoy the feeling of satisfaction. Certainly, one can feel satisfied or happy when he can exercise his skills or construct anything, and interesting work, composing of the above two chief elements, makes it possible for one to enjoy the feeling of satisfaction or happiness. Through the Tunnel by Doris Lessing

课后练习 (Exercises on the text) A.

1. Over 150 honorably discharged veterans.

2. They exposed the war crimes committed in Indochina. 3. To prove the policy of the United States in Indochina is tantamount to genocide, and that not only the soldiers but also the U. S. government should be responsible for the war ; that those who encouraged the situation should really be prosecuted, and that the war crimes are continuing every single day.

4. The American government. Yes, I do.

5. What the soldiers were doing in the war was wrong.

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6. Because he was insensitive to the war crimes as the US troops used to do so.

7. Before they depart for Vietnam, they were conditioned to kill the Vietnamese like rabbits.

8. It's a distortion because we in no way considered ourselves the \"best men\" in this country, because those he called misfits were standing up for us in a way nobody else in this country dared to, because we know that so many who died would have come back to join die misfits, and because so many of us have actually returned to this country to demand an immediate withdrawal from Vietnam. And because so many of those \"best men\" have returned as amputees and quadraplegics to lie in rancid hospitals which fly the flag that Mr. Agnew holds so close.

9. They were unemployed, racially discriminated, addicted to drugs and unable to get better medical care.

10. The de-sensitive attitude of the Americans, the hypocrisy of the U. S government, the miserable situation of the Vietnam veterans, and their strong determination to demand the withdrawal of U. S. troops from Vietnam. B.

1．150多名光荣退役的老兵，其中的许多人曾被授予过各种勋章,证实了

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.

他们在印度支那犯下的战争罪行。

2．这项调查并不是为了让老兵们倾吐心声，净化灵魂。

3．允许这种残忍、失去人性的行为继续进行的每一个美国人都应该负责任。

4．如果不报导战争杂志就卖不也去，如果杂志卖不出去，那就什么事也没

有发生，因为这是美国的一贯做法。

5．但是美国人不知道的是美国成百万的士兵从事暴力，让他们冒着生命危险参加历史上最无意义的战争，使他们成为一种可怕的力量。

6．现在要求我们默默地注视着美国人丧生，我们就能实施令人难以置信的“越南战争越南化”的计划了。 7．老兵的问题不只是愤怒。

8．突然有一天，他在越南觉醒了，发现自己对越南人所做的一切就如同自己民族过去遭受的一样，这正是美国人所受的教育，认为是正确的事情。 E.

1. people who are formerly in one of the armed services 2. killed by being nailed or tied to a cross 3. to be submitting to sth. obediently and humbly 4. given to 5. were supporting

6. said that the side which should be responsible for it was

.

.

7. to be developed more tense to be 8. an essential part F.

John Kerry was a Vietnam Veteran, and he entered the investigation which was held in Detroit in December, 1970. He thought that the veterans didn't only enter the investigation so that they could spill out their hearts or purge their souls. Also not only a certain person was responsible for the war crimes, but also American Government. He wished to awoke the sense of responsibility in American people. He criticized the insensitivity of everyone from all walks of life in America and pointed the hypocrisy of the policy set by American Government. He exposed the situation that the veterans were terribly treated back to America: race discrimination, addicting to dope, unemployment, bad medical treatment, etc. At last he told us that members of Vietnam Veterans Against the War were marching on Washington and on the Capitol. Their most important demand was that .the government set a date for withdrawal of troops from Vietnam. Otherwise they would stay there and would never move.

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.

G.

The author told the war crimes of the U. S troops, not just to spill out their hearts or purge their souls. He wanted to prove that the policy of American in Indochina was tantamount to genocide, that not only the soldiers were responsible for what was happening in Vietnam, but that the whole American people were responsible for the war crimes in Vietnam. The veterans placed it before the people of this country, telling it like it really was in order to let the American people know the truth about the Vietnam war and other wars. The American government had lied to the people, and the American people didn't know at all. The American people thought the American troops were right, in fact, they were not. The war brought massive damage not only to the native people, but also to the American soldiers. The Americans are indifferent. The veterans called on the American people and all the people who love peace to fight against the war, and demanded American government withdraw troops from Vietnam immediately. Veterans were suffering in America. When they returned from Vietnam, they were faced with the sickening situation: unemployment, racial discrimination, addiction to drugs, and failure to get the proper medical treatment, etc.

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The Beauty Industry by Aldous Huxley

课后练习 (Exercises on the text) A.

1. One hundred and fifty-six million pounds.

2. Because the sums expended was comparatively smaller than I had thought.

3. Because Europe was poor.

4. The modern cult of beauty is not exclusively a function (in the mathematical sense) of wealth.

5. People have now come to admit that the body has its rights. 6. It is a success in so far as more women retain their youthful appearance to a greater age than in the past.

7. No. Because a woman is alive and (he surface of the human vessel is affected by the nature of its spiritual contents. 8. When the social arrangements give to every one of them an

.

.

opportunity to live completely and harmoniously, when there is no environmental incentive and no hereditary tendency towards monomaniacal vice. B.

1．欧洲比较穷，保养一脸花的钱与保养一辆罗尔斯•罗伊斯牌汽车的钱 一样多。

2．因此、对美的狂热追经济领域以外发生的有代表性的变化。

3．如果她们不比她们的祖母缺少贞节，至少她们有权利显得不那么贞节。 4．例如，人体有责任在力与美方面尽其所能使自己得到满足。 5．从更多的妇女比过去能更长时间的保持青春这一点看，它是成功的。 6．目前为止争取美的运动也是争取更健康的运动；是令人赞美的，在某种意义上，是真正的成功。

7．当这个高兴的时刻来临时，每个女人都会变漂亮吗？无论使用还是不用整容和化妆品的帮助，她会像她的本来面貌一样漂亮吗？ 8．更为常见和令人反感的是损害许多漂亮脸蛋的冷漠。 C.

1. upkeep 2. cult 3. listless 4. preoccupied

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.

5. diffusion 6. expend

7. indistinguishable 8. ineffectual D.

1. instinctively 2. preoccupied 3. indistinguishable 4. intrinsic 5. In so far as 6. mimicking 7. affect 8. preserve E.

1. submit to the will of God 2. good result 3. been after 4. strict appearance.

5. but it can mix the spurious with the genuine. 6. undoubtfully, people will be influenced widely.

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.

7. it doesn't matter to its beauty or ugliness. 8. according to the porcelain specialists F.

The author first suggested that American and European women wanted to make themselves look younger and more beautiful by spending much money on beauty. People would not think, as in the 19th century, that only a Lost Woman could use cosmetics. But what the author worried about was that women only cultivated their personal appearance, neglecting the importance of improving their spiritual ugliness-He thought that people would be really beautiful only when everyone had an opportunity to live harmoniously. But the author didn't believe that it could be realized. G.

To make themselves look more beautiful people have adopted all possible measures. They spend money on cosmetics, soap, face - cream, hair - lotions, on rubber reducing belts and massage machines, and on books on the culture of the abdomen, on health motors and the skin foods, even on plastic surgery. And they have succeeded, up to a point, in beautifying their

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appearance. However, it is not enough for one to have mere physical beauty. For real beauty is as much an affair of the inner as of the outer self. It is not skin deep.The appearance of the human being is affected by the nature of its spiritual contents. However beautiful one may look, he or she is not genuinely and perfectly beautiful so long as spiritual emptiness or ugliness continue to exist. To be really beautiful, people should try every possible means to beautify their inner self besides their appearance. They will be genuinely and perfectly beautiful only when the social-system have given every one of them an opportunity to live completely, and harmoniously, when they have improved their spiritual contents, removed the psychological emptiness and ugliness.

A Job Interview by John Grisham

课后练习 (Exercises on the text) A.

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.

1. Because he looked good on paper and was their top and only choice for this year.

2. He came to the interview out of curiosity.

3. It was held in a hotel room. It was held there to avoid public attention.

4. It was a firm dealing with tax, some securities, real estate and banking. No, he wasn't told the truth.

5. He was told that he would be sent all over the country to tax seminars and would do a lot of research and generally boring stuff.

6. A base salary of eighty thousand the first year, plus bonuses. Eighty - five the second year, plus bonuses. A low — interest mortgage for buying a home. Two country club memberships. And a new BMW. The firm paid him so well because it made huge profits by doing illegal work like evading tax, washing money, etc.

7. If he joined the firm, and put in ten hard years, he would become a partner first, and if he put in ten more years, he would be the richest person in twenty years.

8. He was told that the firm was impressive, few lawyers had left the firm, they want their people happy. They think the most profitable way was to operate.

.

.

9. Yes, he did. B.

1．他聪明，有抱负，并且相貌英俊。

2．除了其他详情，他们还了解到他现在有三份工作的选择，两个在纽约 ，一个在芝加哥。

3．已经有全国最有声望的三家公司提供的三份工作，他不需要这次面试， 不需要这家公司。。

4．他从来都没见过兰玛•奎因，也不知道谁会代表公司进行面试。 5．这就意味着到了接受面试的人提出一两个明智的问题的时候了。 6．我们会派你到全国各地参加有关税务的研讨会。

7．他读过公司所有41名律师的简短的背景介绍，一瞬间，他回忆起兰 玛.奎因曾就读于堪萨斯州立大学。

8．我们的合伙人一年赚50万美元是很平常的事，大多数在45岁以前就退休了。 C.

1. resume 2. frowned 3. cordial

4. among other things 5. on paper

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.

6. took pride in 7. keep a low profile 8. in charge of D. 1. huge 2. recruit 3. biographical 4. blunted 5. rate

6. compensation 7. demand 8. play along E.

1. he was set aS a young representative of the company. 2. We are very critical and have the power to choose. 3. More than two thousand third-year students who studied law were examined and selected.

4. What is your position in your class? 5. He had examined them. 6. We will pay you generously.

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.

7.\"That's hard to believe,\" he murmured.

8.The smile disappeared and he became calm again. F.

The three interviewers hid the truth of the firm to McDeere and only told him that the firm mainly did tax work. The clients of the firm were all big corporations, banks and wealthy people. Although the firm was not large in size and only consisted of forty-one lawyers, the salaries and all other benefits of the members were incredibly high. For the first year, McDeere could receive a base salary of eighty thousand dollars, plus bonuses, a low-interest mortgage and a luxurious car. If he worked hard, he would become a partner in ten years. If he put in ten more years, he could be a millionaire. All these were very appealing to McDeere. He agreed to accept this job without hesitation. But he could not imagine that he mistakenly went into a lawyer firm which was controlled by a black organization and specialized in illegal activities. G.

From the passage I've learned much information,

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.

particularly about Mitchell McDeere. Firstly, I got to know his educational background. He first attended Western Kentucky University and then attended and graduated from Harvard University. He made extremely high grades in his tax and securities courses and had a degree in accounting. He was certainly a top student since he ranked top five out of three hundred. This strong educational background had been greatly valued by the firms he applied to. Secondly, I learned about his personality. From the interview, it was easily seen that he was curious, quick -minded, intelligent, courageous, seasoned and ambitious. He was curious since he went to the interview out of curiosity instead of immediate want. He was quick - minded and intelligent since he answered the interviewers' questions cleverly and tactfully. He was courageous and seasoned because he did his homework before he came to the interview and because he could keep calm before the three interviewers. He was ambitious because he wanted to rise in the society. Thirdly, I also learned about his marriage. His wife was named Abby, who had a degree in elementary education from Western Kentucky. She had taught at a private kindergarten near Boston College. They had known each other since high school and they had a happy marriage. Finally, as for his financial

.

.

status, I know he was hungry for money because he still owed close to $ 23,000 in student loans. To finish his higher education, he also got a full scholarship from Western Kentucky and some financial assistance from Harvard.

The Company in Which I Work by Joseph Heller

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. In the company, everyone is afraid of al least one person. 2. Because their position is the lowest.

3. Because they fear that they may, start doing worse and they should begin doing better.

4. They live and work under pressure that is extraordinary. 5. Yes.

6. Because first their salaries are small, arid they know they will not have much trouble finding jobs paying just as little in other companies if they lose their jobs here.

.

.

7. They are not expected to change reality, but merely to find it if

they can and suggest ingenious ways of disguising it. 8. He is bored with his work very often now.

9. On days when he's especially melancholy, he began constructing tables of organization … classifying people in the company on the basis of envy, hope, fear, ambition, frustration, rivalry, hatred, or disappointment.

10. The passage is a satire on the company's ruining the normal human feelings and on the sad fact that people scramble for power and profit at the cost of sacrificing their dignity.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.

1．他们召开会议，研究该提升谁，别人准备并发布的声明上也要署上他们的名字。

2．他不时地让我清楚一个事实，即他希望我的部门所出的成果在显示给其他部门之前先给他看看。

3．把统计数字复印，分发，这种做法的结果是公司每个部门的每个销售办公室的推销员在任何时期业绩的好坏都不断地处于公众的审查和评论之中。 4．纪律和指令激励并驱使他们。

5．他们的经费很少，因为不再允许他们承担大的项目。

6．不仅推销员认为（我们所做的是重要的），而且那些精明的。能力强的

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.

高级管理层的人员也这样认为。

7．做令人厌烦的事情是否比把令人厌烦的事情交给别人去做而自己却无所事事更令人厌烦呢？这真是一个要做出决定的问题。

8．我时常感到我被利用只是因为我被要求去做能付我工资的工作。

C. Fill in the blanks in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its from when necessary. 1. having fallen victim to 2. with honors 3. have trouble 4. was held to blame 5. credited with 6. regardless of 7. squandered 8. motivated

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. incurred 2. ingenuous 3. explicit 4. compliment

.

.

5. simulated 6. brooded 7. grudge 8. shrewd

E. Explain the underlined words in English. 1. how much they sold in the same week 2. they tend to lose temper unreasonably

3. after several months of feeling sorry for his wife's death, he usually takes up managerial position. 4. which they have to obey.

5. Usually, they are happy, full of confidence and glad to be with people.

6. it's a stupid person who believes.

7. except a temporary feeling of pride and highly spirited, I only feel bored and hopeless.

8. after a difficult period of time, an emotion of enormous disappointment comes over me

The three interviewers hid the truth of the firm to McDeere and only told him that the firm mainly did tax work. The clients of the firm were all big corporations, banks and

.

.

wealthy people. Although the firm was not large in size and only consisted of forty-one lawyers, the salaries and all other benefits of the members were incredibly high. For the first year, McDeere could receive a base salary of eighty thousand dollars, plus bonuses, a low-interest mortgage and a luxurious car. If he worked hard, he would become a partner in ten years. If he put in ten more years, he could be a millionaire. All these were very appealing to McDeere. He agreed to accept this job without hesitation. But he could not imagine that he mistakenly went into a lawyer firm which was controlled by a black organization and specialized in illegal activities. G.

From the passage I've learned much information,

particularly about Mitchell McDeere. Firstly, I got to know his educational background. He first attended Western Kentucky University and then attended and graduated from Harvard University. He made extremely high grades in his tax and securities courses and had a degree in accounting. He was certainly a top student since he ranked top five out of three hundred. This strong educational background had been

.

.

greatly valued by the firms he applied to. Secondly, I learned about his personality. From the interview, it was easily seen that he was curious, quick -minded, intelligent, courageous, seasoned and ambitious. He was curious since he went to the interview out of curiosity instead of immediate want. He was quick - minded and intelligent since he answered the interviewers' questions cleverly and tactfully. He was courageous and seasoned because he did his homework before he came to the interview and because he could keep calm before the three interviewers. He was ambitious because he wanted to rise in the society. Thirdly, I also learned about his marriage. His wife was named Abby, who had a degree in elementary education from Western Kentucky. She had taught at a private kindergarten near Boston College. They had known each other since high school and they had a happy marriage. Finally, as for his financial status, I know he was hungry for money because he still owed close to $ 23,000 in student loans. To finish his higher education, he also got a full scholarship from Western Kentucky and some financial assistance from Harvard.

.

.

The Company in Which I Work by Joseph Heller

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. In the company, everyone is afraid of al least one person. 2. Because their position is the lowest.

3. Because they fear that they may, start doing worse and they should begin doing better.

4. They live and work under pressure that is extraordinary. 5. Yes.

6. Because first their salaries are small, arid they know they will not have much trouble finding jobs paying just as little in other companies if they lose their jobs here.

7. They are not expected to change reality, but merely to find it if

they can and suggest ingenious ways of disguising it. 8. He is bored with his work very often now.

9. On days when he's especially melancholy, he began constructing tables of organization … classifying people in the company on the basis of envy, hope, fear, ambition, frustration, rivalry, hatred,

.

.

or disappointment.

10. The passage is a satire on the company's ruining the normal human feelings and on the sad fact that people scramble for power and profit at the cost of sacrificing their dignity.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.

1．他们召开会议，研究该提升谁，别人准备并发布的声明上也要署上他们的名字。

2．他不时地让我清楚一个事实，即他希望我的部门所出的成果在显示给其他部门之前先给他看看。

3．把统计数字复印，分发，这种做法的结果是公司每个部门的每个销售办公室的推销员在任何时期业绩的好坏都不断地处于公众的审查和评论之中。 4．纪律和指令激励并驱使他们。

5．他们的经费很少，因为不再允许他们承担大的项目。

6．不仅推销员认为（我们所做的是重要的），而且那些精明的。能力强的高级管理层的人员也这样认为。

7．做令人厌烦的事情是否比把令人厌烦的事情交给别人去做而自己却无所事事更令人厌烦呢？这真是一个要做出决定的问题。

8．我时常感到我被利用只是因为我被要求去做能付我工资的工作。

C. Fill in the blanks in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its from when necessary.

.

.

1. having fallen victim to 2. with honors 3. have trouble 4. was held to blame 5. credited with 6. regardless of 7. squandered 8. motivated

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. incurred 2. ingenuous 3. explicit 4. compliment 5. simulated 6. brooded 7. grudge 8. shrewd

E. Explain the underlined words in English. 1. how much they sold in the same week

.

.

2. they tend to lose temper unreasonably

3. after several months of feeling sorry for his wife's death, he usually takes up managerial position. 4. which they have to obey.

5. Usually, they are happy, full of confidence and glad to be with people.

6. it's a stupid person who believes.

7. except a temporary feeling of pride and highly spirited, I only feel bored and hopeless.

8. after a difficult period of time, an emotion of enormous disappointment comes over me

F. Translate the following into English.

It' s not easy to work in a big company. There is the rigid hierarchy in such company. If you want to achieve success and promotion, you’ll have to do your work well under great pressure and be subjected to the discipline and direction. Every day you work under strict supervision with great fear. If you' re doing a job without any opportunity to be promoted, and you can t find another job for certain reasons, you'll be bored with the present work and feel tired of it. You will lose hope for the future and lose your ambition and motivation

.

.

for the work, and finally turn to be a mediocre person.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic \"Do You Like to Be a Salesman in a Big Company? Why or Why Not?\". I Like to Be a Salesman in a Big Company There are many kinds of positions in a big company. If I can choose one of them, I'd like to be a salesman. For one thing, I' 11 be able to fully explore my latent power by working under pressure, facing challenges from the highly competitive market. To be a salesman, I can usually be vigorous, friendly, generous and confident. Travelling will be part of my job as a salesman which allows me to meet people of different culture, different personalities. And travelling also enables me to see the world. Another reason I like to be a salesman is that I can have a feeling of being proud and important, since a company exists to sell. All the work done by others is only a pavement of a road for me to walk upon. Furthermore, it will bring me great pleasure if I can keep a friendly relationship and good cooperation with the previous customers, and bring in new ones. This will be of much benefit both to the company and to myself

.

.

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. There had been seven people in her family, now there are five. Her mother and Ernest died.

2. She was a waitress in a shop. No, she didn't find it pleasant. 3. She did the whole housework: cleaning, cooking, shopping, etc. 4. Her father threatened her by saying he would beat her if not for her dead mother's sake.

5. Frank was a sailor who came from Buenos Ayres.

6. Her father thought that all the sailors were bad men so he forbade her seeing Frank.

7. He asked her to go with him and become his wife.

8. She wanted to have a new life but didn't have enough courage to have a try.

9. The vision of her mother's miserable life made her suddenly decide to go to the boat station.

10. After reading the story I felt sympathetic for Eveline. She lived an unpleasant life. But when the chance was there to change it, she was not brave enough to embrace it. It's certain that she would feel worse.

.

.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.

1．她的头靠在窗帘上，鼻孔上是提花窗帘布上的尘土气。 2．她的父亲常用他那根黑刺木棍到地里把他们赶出来。

3．也许她再也看不到她做梦都没想过要与之分开的一切所熟悉的东西了。 4．干教堂装修业的哈里几乎总是在乡下什么地方。

5．他站在大门口，尖顶帽推在后脑勺上；头发向前散乱会在晒得黝黑的脸 上。

6．她好像又一次回到客厅另一侧的那间闷热阴暗的房间中，听见外面在奏 着一首忧伤的意大利曲子。

7．从棚子的大宽门看出去，她看了一眼黑糊糊的船体，……舷窗亮着灯光。 8．她面对着他，脸色苍白，表情麻木，就像一只无助的动物。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary. 1. tumbling 2. unaccustomed 3. Where on earth 4. spell 5. inhaled 6. went for 7. was laid up 8. anguish

.

.

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. Invariably 2. undesirable 3. squabbles 4. pitiful 5. melancholy 6. stumbled 7. unspeakably 8. spell

E. Explain the underlined words in English: 1. the darkness covering the avenue gradually

2. and someone would be hired to take her place in the shop through advertisement 3. Be more cheerful

4. Harry always tried to offer as much as he could 5. do her shopping

6. for the sake of amusement

7. Her departure time is approaching.

8. that a common people ends his life in such a foolish way

.

.

F. Translate the following into English:

Eveline had agreed to marry Frank, an Irish sailor living in Buenos Ayres. They got to know each other not long after Frank came over to Dublin for a holiday. They were about to take a passage for Buenos Ayres that night. The boat was leaving in a few hours. But she still doubted if it' s wise to go with Frank to such a distant country. She disliked her work in the stores and her father didn't treat her well. Anyway this was the life she was familiar with. What's more, before her mother died she had promised her to keep the house together as long as she could. But the memory of her mother's sad life made her feel an impulse of terror. She wanted to enjoy a happy life with Frank! She changed her mind just before stepping on the boat. Then the boat was away with Frank. Everyone dreams of living a happy life, but it needs courage to make the dream come true.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic

\"I Think Eveline Should (Not) Leave Home\". I Think Eveline Should Leave Home Eveline seemed to have spent a rather happy

.

.

childhood. But as time went by, everything has changed. As her mother was dead, she had to carry on the load of

housekeeping and the task of keeping the family together. She had to make sure that the two young children went to school on time and got their meals regularly. She had to face the violent threat from her father without anybody to protect her. At the same time, she had to work in a Store and gave out all her hard - earned wages for the family's sake. As luck would have it, Eveline got to know Frank, a sailor who was kind, manly and open - hearted. She's happy and excited to be together with Frank who brought her to see operas; and even sang a little to her. Frank was the first person who was able to bring her hope, opportunity and perhaps love for the future life. Yet, at the crossroad of her life she hesitated and decided not to follow Frank, but to return to her routine and hopeless life. I think Eveline really should leave home with Frank to explore a new life. Even though it might turn out to be a failure, it would still be much better than passively live in the memory with regret.

.

.

What's Wrong with Our Press? by Marya Mannes

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on he text.

1. It is ironic to say that newspapers have two advantages, by saying so, the author wants to say that newspapers have lost its function of informing people.

2. In TV programs, there is no intense partisanship. TV provides a wide range of opinion. TV does not tolerate the kind of distortion of fact, the kind of virulence and personal peeve. TV doesn't feed the appetite for hate, etc. 3. The resistance to change marks the end of newspapers' usefulness. The author thinks that the resistance to change is the end of growth, which, in turn, marks the end of usefulness.

4. TV does a better job in informing the public than the nation's press as a whole, but television coverage of news is superficial and inadequate.

5. On local newspapers, you will find no enjoyment or

.

.

interest. Local newspapers are not worth reading. 6. The author is a newspaper woman.

7. The author's purpose is to call on her fellow newspapermen to make efforts to improve the newspaper in order to perform its function of informing the public.

8. Newspapers have become a habit rather than a function. It has lost its function of informing the public, for newspaper people do not treat word with respect it deserves.

B. Translate the following into Chinese. 1．报纸排在第二位……

2．如果你从广播、电视、杂志和报纸上得到对同一新闻的不同报导或 相矛盾的报导，你会相信哪种报导呢？

3．电视比报纸更依赖商业广告，既然广告是大生意，广告在本性上是 亲党的。

4．职责在于给美国公众提供新闻的报纸却只给出了问题的一面之词…… 这是可耻的。

5．通常电视画面凌驾于观点之上。

6．电视通过邀请四、五个专家。让他们相互辩驳这种做法给观众提供多 方面的观点。

7．拒绝变更就是发展的终结，而停止了发展，报纸也就没有用途了。 8．写社论稿时诉诸于感情要比讲道理容易。

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C. Fill in the blanks in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary. 1. substitute 2. cheapened 3. in vain 4. stuffed 5. entrusted 6. pass for

7. takes precedence over 8. cater to

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. advantage 2. as a whole 3. encountered 4. confined to 5. coverage 6. justified 7. appeal 8. functioned

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E. Explain the underlined words in English. 1. any of the noticeable parts of the face

2. people who work for newspapers, people who work for magazines 3. contradictory

4. try to prove oneself correct and his opponent wrong 5. to a greater extent

6. the newspaper is owned to serve for only one party's interest 7. to let news take the precedence over the ads in dictating the format of the newspaper

8. The newspaper will continue to be widespread.

F. Translate the following into English.

Television has a lot of advantages over newspapers. When watching TV, we use our eyes and ears at the same time. We see both the words and pictures on the screen, and hear both voice and music meanwhile. Television informs faster than newspapers. But television lives on advertising to a greater extent. The seeking of profit makes television cater for the lowest instincts of man. The entertainment programs of American television are full of violence and sex. Television coverage of news is usually superficial and inadequate. There

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are also lots of problems in American newspapers. The biggest ones are the distortion of facts, and the attack on those countries, nations, and social systems which they dislike.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic

\"A Comparison between Newspapers and Television\". A Comparison between Newspapers and Television Nowadays there exists a great competition between newspapers and television in trying to attract most of the public. Both newspapers and television has some advantages and disadvantages over each other. Unlike the television, the newspapers can give a more profound and adequate coverage and analyses of the news to the public. Newspapers can be more conveniently picked up and got informed of what is going on in the world anytime and anywhere. In contrast with the newspapers, television can provide more background information from different point of views which allows the public to form a balanced and independent opinion of their own. The visual information from television can be more easily digested by both the young and the old, and by both the literate and illiterate. As a tragedy to the newspaper, now more and more people are beginning to turn to the television.

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And this tragedy will go on, if the newspapers refuse to change and give it the respect it deserves. The Tragedy of Old Age in America by Marya Mannes

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. Old age is a neglected stepchild of the human life cycle. The old in the United States are discriminated and ignored and moot of theft struggle to exist in an inhospitable, world.

2. Our, popular attitudes towards old age could be summed up as a combination of wishful thinking and stalk terror.

3. Physical health, personality, earlier-life experiences, the actual circumstances; of late-life events and the social supports one receives are interconnected elements which together determine the quality of late life.

4. Because American society is one which is extremely harsh to live a when one is old. Elderly Americans confront insensitivity, ignorance and poverty.

5. Old age is not an enjoyable part of the life-span in the U.S. 6. Old age is also a tragedy for the rich Americans.

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7. In late life, the elderly have the potential for qualities of human reflection and observation.

8. Life expectancy is closely related to living standards.

B. Translate the following into Chinese. 1．衰老过程是人类生命周期中被忽视的继儿。 2．对付死亡的问题比对付在老年时生活的问题要容易。

3．这就是千百万公民辛劳地度过他们的工作日时心中期待着实现的那个美 国“金色岁月”的理想。

4．我们将感情建筑在原始的害怕、偏见和规老套上而不是建筑在知识和 远见上。

5．老人必须弄清自己毕生学习和适应的收获并加以利用。 6．新增加的福利金赶不上生活费用的高涨。

7．就业方面的年龄歧视不受任何，可以随意规定退休的具体做法。在 雇用人时对上年纪的人有歧视。

8．这些疾病固然应加以注意，但多数的病症是可极治疗的，而且大多并不 损害工作能力。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary. 1. conserve 2. eradicated

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3. lulled 4. penalized 5. impair 6. toiled 7. inherent 8. subsistence

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. interconnected 2. inherently 3. one-time 4. based 5. adversity 6. fraudulent 7. incurable 8. preserve

E. Explain the underlined words in English. 1. deliberately forgotten stage

2. accept with a mixed feeling of being pleasant and sad 3. working hard all day long with hopeful expectation

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4. time-limits of life

5. Poverty and old age exist at the same time

6. are not equal to the decreasing of buying power due to inflation 7. can be treated / cured 8. the rest / the left over

F. Translate the following into English.

The life cycle covers birth, old age and death. Death is an unavoidable end of life. The process of aging is the neglected stage of human life cycle. Death occurs within a few seconds while aging lasts a long period of time, which means disease, poverty and isolation. Advertisements and travel folders show relaxed, happy, well-dressed older people enjoying recreation, travel and their grandchildren. However, the poor old people cannot enjoy such things. They have to work hard for survival even in old age. For the most part the elderly struggle to exist in an inhospitable world. Today there are more and more old people, and the problem of old age is getting the attention from the government of every nation.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic, \"Problems American Old People Face Today\" Problems American Old People Face Today As an old person in the United States, you

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have to face a lot of problems both socially and economically. There is a popularly accepted opinion that social security and pensions provide a comfortable and reliable flow of funds to prevent the elderly from having any financial worries. The old people are publicly pictured as relaxed, happy, well - dressed and delighted people enjoying recreation, travel and

grandchildren, living in the retirement communities with lots of grass, clean air and fun. However, there is another story about the old people in the States. One hears children saying they are afraid of getting old. The middle-aged people declaring they want to die after they have passed their prime, and numerous old people wishing they were dead. Like every stage of life, old age has its own problems, joys, fears and potentials. But the real tragedy for the old people is that they have to live in a harsh society which has made the process of aging unnecessarily painful, humiliating, debilitating and isolating through insensitivity, ignorance and poverty of society. So for most part, the elderly people struggle to exist in an inhospitable world. Life is even more tragic for an old woman than for an old man. With a longer life expectancy, they tend to many men older than themselves; as a result, so many of them become widows who don't have the social privilege, as elder men do to date and marry those who are

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younger. Furthermore, elder women can not enjoy the same rights as far as social security and retirement benefits are concerned.

Trifles (Part One) by Susan Glaspell

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. One morning, Mr. Hale went to Mr. Wright's house on his way to town, hoping to talk with Mr. Wright, but Mrs. Wright told him that Wright was dead.

2. Mrs. Wright said her husband died of a rope round his neck. 3. Mrs. Wright said that she didn't know who-killed her husband and she hadn't notified anybody about her husband's death. Hale and Harry thought it was a strange thing. so they decided to call for the coroner.

4. The county attorney thought Mrs. Wright was a bad housekeeper. 5. No, Mrs. Hale didn't agree with the county attorney. Because they are different sex. The county attorney thought about it from men's point of view while Mrs. Hale thought about it from women's point of view.

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6. They thought preserves and fruit had nothing to do with the case. 7. They were bread in a pan, cherry preserves and Mrs. Wright's skirt, apron, and shawl.

8. The playwright wants to indicate that the Wright's family life is

cold, too.

9. The county attorney is subjective and likes to draw a conclusion basing on his impression.

10. Mrs. Hale is frank, kind and sympathetic woman.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.

1．司法官和黑尔是中年男子。官是个年轻小伙子。他们穿得都很多，而且一进屋马上走到炉子旁。

2．解开外套，从炉旁走开力家要开始公务。

3．但我想如果我进屋当他妻子面再谈一下这件事。虽然我对哈里说我不知道约翰妻子想要的会对约翰有什么影响。 4．我想让你上楼到那间房间指一指。

5．但我想有约翰•赖特在的地方不会令人愉快到哪儿去。

6．我想她觉得她尽不了应尽的职责，当一个人觉得自己衣衫破旧，不会对什么事感兴趣的。

7．她以前常穿漂亮衣服而且很活泼，那时她名叫明妮•福斯特，是镇上唱诗班的一个姑娘。

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8．她想要的东西真可笑，监狱没什么活儿会使人弄脏，天知道。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its from when necessary. 1. put in order 2. snoop around 3. mind

4. has his hands full 5. unbending 6. no use 7. unconcerned 8. make a different

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. pleated 2. checked 3. cheap 4. mind 5. unconcerned 6. keep an eye for 7. keep to

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8. no use

E. Explain the underlined words in English.

1. when we go on with the case, it is not useless to get pneumonia 2. I was very busy yesterday 3. because of your sex 4. keep an eye on

5. the truth of the murder 6. plant

7. not in the habit of talking about her affairs 8. take part in

F. Translate the following into English.

Mrs. Wright was a town girl before she married John Wright and lived in him farm. She used to be lively and like singing.But she changed completely after living with Wright for 30 years. Wright was a very miserly person and he didn't care for his wife's need at all. There wasn't pleasure in their house, and even their neighbors didn't want to visit them. One winter morning, Mr. Hale, their neighbor, found Mr. Wright had been strangled on bed. Mrs. Wright said she didn’t know who did it. Her behavior was very strange. She didn't report to the police, and just sat

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rocking back and froth on his rocker in the kitchen. The policemen took her away. The second morning the county attorney and sheriff came back to the farm with Mr. Hale to investigate who had killed Mr. Wright.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic \"Imagine yourself to Be Mrs. Hale and Tell the Story\". When my husband came back from the Wrights' house yesterday, he told me that Mr. Wright was dead. He said it odd for Mrs. Wright only to rock on the rocker back and forth, and she seemed unconcerned with her husband's death. When I went to the Wright's house with the sheriff and his wife, the county attorney and my husband, my mind was very complex. It was pitiful for Mr. Wright death, meanwhile I felt it was impossible for Mrs. Wright to kill her husband. When investigating the case, the county attorney who didn't know the condition of the family, said that Mr. Wright was not much of a housekeeper, which made me unhappy. I knew that Mr. and Mrs. Wright were not a happy couple. Before their marriage Mrs. Wright was a lively girl who liked singing. But her husband didn't care for her feelings and needs at all. There were not any pleasures in their family.

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Trifles (Part Two) by Susan Glaspell

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. They were looking for the motive of the crime and the clues of the crime.

2. They suspected Mrs. Wright killed her husband because there was no sign of anyone having come from outside and the rope was the Wrights'.

3. Mrs. Hale noticed that there was bad sewing on one piece of quilt that Mrs. Wright was working on. Mrs. Hale pulled out stitches because she thought that bad sewing could indicate that Mrs. Wright’s behavior was unusual.

4. Yes, because die thought Mrs.Hale should not touch bad sewing. 5. Mr. Wright broke the birdcage and wrung the canary. 6. Because Mrs. Hale knew Mrs. Wright needed help while living with Mr. Wright, a hard man.

7. The incident of the dead bird reminded Mrs. Peters of what happened to her kitten when she was a girl, and it also made Mrs. Hale realize the living situation of Mrs. Wright. Therefore, they

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both understood why Mrs. Wright Killed her husband and felt sympathetic towards her.

8. Because both women felt sympathy for Mrs. Wright and they knew the dead bird would be the evidence against Mrs. Wright. 9. The county attorney was dear that it me Mrs. Wright who killed her husband, but he didn't know why she killed her husband and why she killed Hum in that strange way.

10. Yes. The two women were dear that why Mr. Wright killed her husband and why she killed him by rope.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.

1．当我们出来往这儿来的时候亨德森说这案子所要查的是作案动机：愤怒 或是突发的感情。

2．把她关在镇里的监狱，却到这儿来要从她家找出证据指控她。 3．我不知道还有这样奇怪的事情，占用我们的时间做这些小事还要等他们 换证据。

4．不知为什么我们总是不明白别人过得如何，直到——出了事。 5．两个女人坐在那谁也不看谁，好像在盯着什么东西看，同时又犹豫不决。 6．这时她俩人谈话，像在一片陌生的土地上摸索，好像害怕说出他们要说 的，但又好像忍不住要说出来。

7．如果多年来生活毫无意义，有只鸟给你唱歌，那么鸟死之后，会静得可 怕。

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8．但是你是了解陪审团对妇女的态度的，如果能有具体的证据。有证据表 明——能构成一个情，一个能与这种奇怪的杀人方式联系到一起的情节。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary. 1. superstitious 2. fidgety 3. went to pieces 4. kept his word 5. pleasantly 6. could not help 7. covertly

8. hold himself back

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. held back 2. superstitious 3. remember 4. broke 5. pleasant 6. falter

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7. fidgety 8. covert

E. Explain the underlined words in English. 1. Like a cold wind chilling to the bone 2.brought up here 3. occupy her mind 4. attractive

5. sees herself, says it hesitantly and weakly 6. undertake

7. it is not necessary to instruct Mrs. Peters. 8. loses control of herself

F. Translate the following into English.

The sheriff and the county attorney couldn't found any sign that anybody had come to Mr. Wright's house, so they thought his wife must have killed him. In order to convince the jury of that, they had to find out Mrs. Wright's motive to kill her husband, but they earned nothing at this point. As they were busy looking for evidence, two women in the kitchen found a dead canary wrapped in a piece of silk in a box. The canary had been wrung to death. They could imagine what her life was with such a man

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as Wright in this house. They didn't want the sheriff and the county attorney to find the box with the dead canary. They concealed it in order to protect Mrs. Wright.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic \"Tell the Story from Hale' s Point of View\". When my husband came back from the Wrights' place yesterday, he told me that Mr. Wright was dead. He said it odd for Mrs. Wright only to rock on the rocker back and forth, and she seemed unconcerned with her husband's death. When I went to the Wright's house with the sheriff and his wife, the county attorney and my husband, my mind was very complex. It was pitiful for Mr. Wright death, meanwhile I felt it was impossible for Mrs. Wright to kill her husband. When investigating the case, the county attorney who didn't know the condition of the family, said that Mr. Wright was not much of a housekeeper, which made me unhappy. I knew that Mr. and Mrs. Wright were not a happy couple. More their marriage Mrs. Wright was a lively girl who liked singing. But her husband didn't care for her feelings and needs at all. There were not any pleasures in their family.

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Ace in the Hole by John Updike

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. That he was fired by his boss made Ace restless. What Ace worried about in particular was that his wife would be very angry that he lost the job.

2. Ace's mother was very happy that Ace was fired by his boss because she thought that job had no future for his son. 3. Ace's mother did not get along well with Evey.

4. No, Ace' s mother did not like Bonnie. she said that Bonnie was her mother's daughter. Since she didn't like Ever, so she did not like Bonnie, either.

5. The small article on the sports page tell us that Ace was once an excellent basketball player when he was in school, and at that time Ace was a famous boy.

6. Ace's boss asked him to back a Chewy, and Ace damaged another car when backing the Chewy. So Ace was fired by his

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boss.

7. No, Evey was not sympathetic after Ace told her how he had lost his job. Evey thought that before backing the Chewy, Ace should have looked and moved the other cars to make more room, then he could avoid the collision. All that she said was complaint about Ace's carelessness.

8. Evey was a had-working and hot-tempered person.

9. Their married life itself was precarious and it plunged now and then to the brink of collapse.

10. Ace was not out of hole at the end of the story. Ace led Evey into a dance and let the music and rhythm ease off the tension between them. But it could last only for a short time. The problem was not solved. He had to look for a new job and the conflicts in his marriage had not been ended

B. Translate the following into Chinese.

1．他的声音尽管很熟悉，却使他感到厌烦，声音听上去又细又尖。 2．他把火柴一弹，使它竖转着落进了路沟。

3．唉，我想都不敢想艾维会怎么说，可是就我来说，我感亲爱的上 帝，你有头脑想到不干那份工作。

4．他把前面的头发稍稍弄乱，使一小错头发垂在前额上。

5．他希望她不会太生气，因为她生气的时候他会想他当初该不该和她

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结婚，而有了这种怀疑使他感到憋的慌。

6．看上去就像有人拿了个刨子把突出的部分给削平了，你知 道，在后 面那儿。

7．要是有什么是我不愿意从你嘴里听到的，那就是神父。你把神父的事 留给我。

8. 当音乐中突然加进了萨克管，速度变快了，他小心地和她旋转起来， 用自己的双肩打着拍子。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box elow, changing its form when necessary. 1. feel crowded 2. fuss 3. pinch 4. whirled 5. read his mind 6. kept at 7. plucked 8. drooped

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. take things easy

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2. scrub 3. flicked 4. whirled 5. plucking 6. twiddling 7. keeps at 8. tossed

E. Explain the underlined words in English. 1. in a deep silence 2. a person who is realistic 3. made herself calm 4. was excited

5. threw indirectly the paper into an armchair 6. I understand her mind

7. when they suffer from loss of money 8. We will not have our sons.

F. Translate the following into English.

Ace was in the hole. He was out of work , and was afraid to face his wife — Evey. Because Ace couldn’t support his family by his earnings, Evey had to work as a shop assistant.

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She always felt very tired after a day's work, and had no time to prepare super. Now he was fired again, so he worried that Evey would lose her temper. Ace's mother helped them take care of their daughter — Bonnie. Usually Evey went to pick up the child, but that day Ace did. His mother was pleased with his losing his job for she thought he should have a better job. This time Evey didn't get too angry with Ace, but would Ace get out of trouble.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic E \"What Have You Found out about Ace from the Story?\" Ace is an American mid - class young man of 1950's. At high school he was an excellent basketball player. After he graduated from high school he joined the Army, and after retiring from military service he was always out of work. One day his boss asked him to back an old car into the space between two cars. He didn't care that there wasn't enough space between them, when backing the car, he broke one of the two cars. Finally he was fired. But his mother was pleased with his being fired, because she thought he should get a better job. As Ace couldn't support his family by his earning, his wife — Evey, had to be a shop assistant. Their relationship was not so harmonious.

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Science Has Spoiled My Supper by Philip Wylie

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. He wants to drive home the harm of the so-called science. 2. In the author's opinion, \"science\" has made the food bland and tasteless.

3. The cheeses are crumbly and lack of flavor. 4. Through \"deep-freezing\".

5. Because nothing is improved by the process.

6. The food is tasteless, so people have to eat much more to know what they are eating. 7. The food is lower in quality.

8. The first example: \"it is a gruesome experience to have meals at the best big-city restaurants; the second: wilted leaves and withered tubes; the third: what matters if such peas taste like boiled paper wads.

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B. Translate the following into Chinese.

1．我受的是科学的教育，曾为一份科学刊物写过某个领域的一篇专题文章。 2．这位能干女人的女儿（我的妻子）学会了她母亲的古老的手艺。 3．喜欢有明显的、独特味道的产品的人有各种不同的爱好。

4．他们干的是为了吃以外的一切目的而去培养“改良”品种的工作。 5．可是如果人们吃葱头不是因为它们有洋葱的味道，那么他们究竟为什么 要吃洋葱？

6．我在想不知道我们饮食的这种淡而无味的状况是不是造成我们之中这么 多人过于肥胖，甚至胖到了危险程度的原因。

7．这是我们较为聪明、较为冷静的先人用来喂猪而不是暖人的方法：越多 越好而且越快越好，根本没有质量的标准。

8．顺从适应，标准一统，相仿相似——且全按低劣庸俗的水平——正在取 代美国人具有地多彩的自由与高贵的个性的伟大观念。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary. 1. take to 2. amounted to 3. is well on the way 4. measure up 5. take effect 6. on the spot

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7. suckled himself 8. rang down the curtain

D. Choose the right word or expression in the brackets to complete each of the following sentences. 1. put off 2. innate 3. attribute 4. preserves 5. deserts 6. commanded 7. hypothesis 8. resemblance

E. Explain the underlined words in English.

1. the usual food of most of us is with the balance of nutrition 2. would cause European food ~ lovers to laugh and silence 3. cannot be baked on the stove 4. mad or senseless

5. It is necessary instinctively to satisfy the sense of taste. 6. when Americans realized the importance of .good tasting food, over—weight wasn't such a national problem

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7. man would become what he eats 8. Very fat man is increasing.

F. Translate the following paragraph into English:

Why there are so many obese persons in America? Many people will say that there are two causes : one is that the American food is delicious and the other is that they do little sports. But the author doesn’t think so. He raises such a hypothesis: people eat in order to meet their need of taste. When food tastes like library paste, people need to eat more to satisfy the taste buds. “Pseudo-science” leads to the blandness of the American food, which is the basic reason why obesity becomes a national curse. We shouldn’t be too serious to the author’s absurd argument. It is only a method of the author to satirize to criticize, the American food.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic \"Do You think the Author Expresses the Opinion of a Conservative Food-snob?\" I think the author expresses the opinion of a conservative food-snob. You know, we Chinese cook meal very well. Our diet is always delicious and well prepared. But sometimes, we may be angry about our food.

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Some bad restaurant will provide you the inferior food, it is bland, so we have to ask the owner to give us more food until we can t eat. This is a familiar thing according to the author's view. In some respects, the author is a conservative food-snob. His view is original. What is more, much of the view is right. He criticizes the American food shows that he is just a conservative food-snob.

I'll Never Escape the Ghetto by Stanley Sanders

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

1.Yes, he did. Since he was born, raised and graduated from high school in Watts, he has affectionate ties to Watts. Without the future for the black ghetto, there would be no future for all the Negroes. What affects it, affects him, for he is a child of the ghetto.

2. When his high school won the Los Angeles oratorical contest,

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he showed the judge that good things could come out of Watts which gave him a pleasant feeling.

3. He did this because he didn't want his being from Watts to arouse any curiosity and this severely interfered with his college life.

4. The ghetto rioting made him realize that he could not escape the ghetto after all.

5. As the only Negro in the summer session he felt awkward for a time.

6. Watts needed the new militancy and a militancy of action. 7. While the top students were enjoying the privileges of studying at the world's finest universities, Negroes at home were revolting against their miserable condition. So they were in no moral position to condemn the rioting.

8. The wisdom of the street comer was rich enough to support even a communist bookstore. It was quite different from his schooling.

B. translate the following into Chinese.

1．把瓦茨视为中转站的心态在留下的及离去的人身上都有牢固的影响。 2．我是在离开瓦茨后不久开始丧失原来的抱负。 3．我不愿意自己来自瓦茨这一事实引起人们的好奇。

4．“南洛杉矾”在地理位置上与瓦茨相同，但没有瓦茨的污名。

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5．除了伦敦某些不公开的高等俱乐部之外，很少有划分种族界限的情况。 6．要树立成为瓦茨的年青人仿效的傍样是我的生活。

7．它粉碎了我认为自己个人的发展能够被视作所有黑人的进步而加以祝贺 的观念。

8．在发生之前美国黑人运动的规模似乎只限于狭小的民权运动领导 围之。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary. 1. emulate 2. dependent on 3. enrolled 4. indifference 5. influx 6. parallel 7. mentality 8. simplify

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. droves 2. militant

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3. customary 4. quality 5. manifested 6. follow

7. was reflecting on 8. regrettable

E. Explain the underlined words in English. 1. emphasized the idea

2. the prize for hardworking students 3. leading a long-time vagrant life

4. The shame of being Watts was too painful to bear.

5. There were no distinctions between blacks and whites then. 6. surprised the students coming from all parts of the world 7. didn't come true 8. means more than the extent of a federal poverty program

F. Translate the following into English.

I was born, raised and graduated from high school in Watts, so I had a deep love for it. I decided to make a career there, though it was thought impossible. At that time, many black young men left Watts in droves, because they thought

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they could make a career only outside of the ghettos. I also left Watts to study at Oxford University, Yale University. forfurther^study. The ghetto riots in 1960s indicated that the black people were becoming more and more militant. The riot was the most significant massive action taken by Northern Negroes, and a watershed in the ghetto's history as well. The deepest impact of the riots was on the people of Watta

themselves. I would never escape from the ghetto. I have staked my all on its future. Watts is my home.

G. Writing a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic. Stanley Sanders' Attitude towards the Ghetto Stanley Sanders, a famous black writer, was born, raised and graduated from high school in Watts. When graduated from high school, he went away to the world - famous universities — Whittier College, Oxford University, and Yale Law School to receive the best education of the world. Then he intended to return back to Watts, though many talented young people left Watts in droves. Watts, in the mind of other black ghettos across the country, is a station in the way of the whole life. It is considered no place to make a career. Once they have left, there is no returning. Watts is regarded as a stigma, too. Being from Watts often arouses much curiosity among

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the whites. All these greatly interfered with both the blacks' study and lives. They are too heavy to bear. That' s why many talented young blacks left Watts in droves whenever they've got a chance to go away. Being an ambitious and talented young man, the author comes to realize that he has affectionate ties to Watts. He realizes that his interest in the law sterns from a concern for the future of Watts. He realizes that the problem of the poor and of the city in America is the problem of the ghetto Negro. He realizes that if there is no future for the black ghetto, the future of all Negroes is diminished. What affects it, affects him, for he is a child of the ghetto. When they do it to Watts, they do it to him, too. In this sense, the author determines never to escape from the ghetto. He has staked his all on its future. Watts is his home.

How Market Leaders Keep their Edge by Michael Treacy and Fred Wiersema

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. The three disciplines are operational excellence, product leadership and customer intimacy.

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2. (1) Operational excellent companies provide middle-of-the- market products at the best price with the least inconvenience. (2) Product leadership companies concentrate on offering products that push performance boundaries.

(3) Customer intimacy companies focus on delivering not what the market wants but what specific Customers want.

3. Price / Costco buys larger quantities therefore it can sell goods at lower prices. With the help of company's Consumer Reports, Price/Costco only buys goods of leading brand and goods that represent the beat value, therefore it can provide hassle-free service.

4. First, they must be creative. Second, they must commercialize their ideas quickly. Third and most important, they must relentlessly pursue ways to leapfrog their own latest product or service.

5. Product leaders create and maintain an environment that encourages employees to bring ideas into the company and, just as important, to listen to and consider these ideas, however unconventional.

6. Cable & Wireless-segments the market vertically.

7. Cable & Wireless wants customers to feel they are getting the support of the entire company. Top management empowers all

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employees to make sophisticated decisions.

8. If you want to be a product leader, you must find the unique value that it alone can deliver to a chosen market. You can win through cost, or customer intimacy or with great products. Choosing one discipline is the choice of winners.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.

1．我们认定三种不同类型的价值准则，之所以这么说是因为每个类型都 会产生一种不同的顾客价值。

2．此类公司满足的不是市场需求，而是特定客户的需求。

3．经营出色型公司提供了质量、价格、便利购物相结合的经营形式，这 是市场上其他公司无法与之相比的。

4．富有创造性最主要的是指承认和接受公司外来源不同的好主意、好 点子。

5．卫康公司的高速生产设备帮助公司领先于它的未来竞争对手六个月的 时间。

6．他们知道如果自己不开发更新换代的产品．其他公司也会这样做的。 7．一个靠与顾客建立密切关系而实现其价值的公司与客户建立友邻一样 的联系。

8．但他们没能做到的是在任何一方面有所突破而达到新的高度。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or

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expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary. 1. state-of-the-art 2. capitalize 3. continuity 4. identified 5. engendered 6. contingency 7 made a business 8 fit in with

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. incurred 2. sophisticated 3. on

4. differentiate 5. optimum 6. excels 7. attribute 8. adept

E. Explain the underlined words in English.

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1. Nike’s great value not only lies in its sportswear, but also… 2. you don't have to spend much time choosing and deciding what brand you want to buy

3. If anyone is planning to improve their technology to the highest level

4. he got his advises / some information by the call 5. who will be the best candidate J & J needs most

6. that bring a reward in appealing to its customers to return to buy its products again

7. change its services to each customer a little so as to match the new surroundings

8. occasionally meet managers who don't like to accept the idea of

F. Translate the following into English.

Customers have different value disciplines on products and service. Some customers demand low price and hassle-free service, some don't care too much about price but demand the product that should represent the hottest style and state-of-the-art

technology in the market, and others want the product and service to meet their special needs. Therefore, if a company wishes to be a market leader and keep its edge, it must concentrate on one discipline to excel according to its own condition, either by low

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cast, or with latest and great products, or through customer intimacy.

G. Writing a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic. What Would You do to Become a Market Leader If Your Company Is a Medium-sized One? Our research shows that no company can succeed today by trying to be all things to all people. As for our medium-sized company, it is not easy to win through cost. Winning through cost .requires that companies of this kind provide middle-of-the- market products at the best price. We are somewhat short of money comparing with big companies. If the cost is too low, we will have no profit. It is also difficult for us to win the competitive market with great products. To win with great products involves the leaders to be quick and creative. They must find ways to leapfrog their own latest product or service. It's also hard for us. The only way for us to win the market is to win through customer intimacy. We don't pursue transactions; we only cultivate relationships. We are adept at giving the customer more than he or she expects. By constantly upgrading offerings, we stay ahead of customers' rising expectations. Only in this way can we become a market leader.

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On Human Nature and Politics by Bertrand Russell

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. Yes, the desire for food is the main motive for human activities. But the desire of human beings is infinite and can never be fully gratified. In this respect, man diners from the beast.

2. Acquisitiveness causes human beings' desire to possess goods. Acquisitiveness can never be satisfied.

3. Rivalry is likely to cause troubles, wars etc., which will disturb the peaceful lives of human beings. The world would be a happier place than it is if acquisitiveness were always stronger than rivalry.

4. Since power over human beings is shown in making them do what

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they would rather not do, the man who is actuated by love of power is more apt to inflict pain to permit pleasure. 5. No, because when men lived by hunting in their early days, they had no time or energy for boredom.

6. The white man didn't harm the native American tribes by giving them liquor. No, I don't think so.

7. The real motive for modern sports is love of excitement. People can satisfy their impulse in sports.

8. No, Russell isn't against science and technology when he argues that technological advances mean a life with more boredom.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.

1．同样，那些坐在拜占庭帝国柔软光滑的发上的阿拉伯酋长们也无法忘 记沙漠，贮藏起远远超过身体可能需要的财富。

2．虽然占有欲是资本主义制度的主要动力，但它决不是征服了饥饿以后最强

大的动机。

3．我们以后的一切麻烦都来自于这个想法。

4．人类甚至犯了大不敬之罪，在神明身上加上了相同的欲望，认为他们也渴

望得到永不停息的颂扬。

5．行使权力后更增加了对权力的爱，无论是芝麻小权还是国君大权，一概

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如 此。

6，被权欲驱使的人就更倾向于制造痛苦而不是允许人们得到欢乐。 7．坐下的喜悦已足够了。

8．寻找刺激是如此深刻的需要以至于手边没有无害途径，它便会找到这类有

害途径来发泄。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary. 1. advocated 2. inhaled 3. eluded 4. repented 5. uttered 6. deceived 7. contented 8. insatiable

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. rivalry

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2. acquisitiveness, hoard 3. repent of 4. immense 5. impoverishment 6. tiresome 7. derive

8.victorious, triumphant

E. Explain the underlined words in English. 1. describe as acquisitiveness 2. chief forces / reasons 3. protect against complete ruin

4. perpetual fame / fame that will last forever 5. the same as those mentioned above

6. any of the accounts of Christ's life in the Bible

7. leading to destruction 8. which was caused by the event in dance halls

F. Translate the following into English.

Man has four main desires: acquisitiveness, rivalry, vanity and love of power. Acquisitiveness is a desire to possess goods as much as possible. Satiety is a dream that

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will never come true. Acquisitiveness is the mainspring of the capitalist system, but rivalry is a much stronger motive than acquisitiveness. Vanity is a motive of immense potency. It is scarcely possible to exaggerate the influence of rivalry throughout the range of human life. But love of power is a motive which outweighs rivalry. It is insatiable. It is the strongest motive in the lives of important men. Love of power is greatly increased by the experience of power.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic. \"Love of Power is by Far the Strongest Motive in the Lives of Important Men\". Undoubtedly the desire for food has been, and still is, one of the ' main causes of great political events. But the desire for food is not the | only desire to keep them active. There are four more, in particular. They are

acquisitiveness, rivalry, vanity and love of power. But great as the influence of the motives mentioned above is, there is one that outweighs them all. That is the love of power. Love of power is greatly increased by the experience of power. A good case in point is that in the happy days before 1914, when well-to-do ladies could acquire a host of servants, their

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pleasure in exercising power over the domestics steadily increased with age. Another example is that if you ask your boss for leave of absence from the office on some legitimate occasion, his love of power will derive more satisfaction from refusal than from consent. If you require a building permit, the petty official concerned will obviously get more pleasure from saying \"No\" than from saying \"Yes\". It is this sort of things which makes the love of power such a dangerous motive. But according to the author, love of power has other sides more desirable. The pursuit of knowledge is mainly actuated by it. And so are all advances in scientific techniques. In politics, also, a reformer may have just as strong a love of power as a despot. We can safely say that it would be a complete mistake to decry love of power altogether as a motive.

The Everlasting Witness by Margaret Shedd

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

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A. Answer the following questions on the text. 1. Her son was lost during the Vietnam War.

2. She always had a nightmare of looking for her son over the hills of the rubbled dying after learning that her son was missing in action.

3. It was about the finest new weapons built for death and the prisoners of war.

4. The ring on the finger of the boy's hand.

5. What she wanted to do is to find the newsreel again to make sure whether the boy with his back to the camera in the film was her son or not.

6. She decided that if he was alive, she would simply make waiting womanly and rational. If not, she would say he was dead. Then she would go back to life, get back to her husband. 7. Carrying flowers in her heart means carrying the best wishes for her missing son.

8. Yes, she did. With a blank and empty face, he looked like an idiot.

9. The everlasting witness is the newsreel in which her son Jerry was. It is a witness to the fact that Jerry was not dead but still alive.

C. Translate the following into Chinese.

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1．他们是年轻的美国士兵，瘦弱不堪，一付病态，神情恍惚地走来走去。 2．一个青年背对摄影机站着，弯身靠在门框上，一只手在抓着门柱，他 认出手指上戴的一枚戒指。

3．他很固执，和他从前一样而且有点迟钝，但他已经准备要转过身来了。 4．可是她磨磨蹭蹭，先是在平台上后来在穿过公园的路上。 5．她没有把花放在车里带来，但她把花放在心中带来了。 6．她两眼紧盯着他，但仍能看到在后面的克里斯。

7．转过身来的年青人的脸现在占满了整个镜头，无情地占满了整个银 幕，这正是杰里的脸……

8．观众中传出了因恐怖而倒吸气的声音，然后便是按捺不住的窃笑。

E. Explain the underlined words in English. 1. in the yellow part of the book

2. did not return to his unit after a battle 3. He had been confused

4. was too big to be put either in the vase or even in the places for the flowers in her sister's house

5. moved slowly to her car and moved his hands awkwardly in search of the car door for her

6. a thin boy with blond hair who was cut into a thin figure 7. rough and wrinkled, it wasn't like a boy's hand 8. with no feeling at all

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F. Translate the following into English.

Right after his 20th birthday, Marian's son. Jerry was enlisted in the army and was sent to Vietnam to fight a losing battle. Soon he was captured in a battle and put into a prison-compound. Young Jerry could not bear this heavy blow and broke down. A handsome young man was changed into another figure. His face was blanks with a dull look. His facial muscles twisted. He looked just like an idiot. Marian’s heart was broken when she saw this in the newsreel. What could comfort her was the fact that her son was still alive, and she would wait patiently for her son to come back.

G. Writing a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic. How Do You Explain Marian s Change in Her Feeling towards the Idiot In front of a parking place at the flower market, there was an opener — and closer of doors. It was before she saw his son in the newsreel that she saw the man for the first time. What an impression he left on her at that time! He had a shaking sickness and his face looked old and bloated

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and its muscles were jerking. In Marian's mind, this little figure was so boring, so unpleasant and disgusting that she didn't hesitate to utter sharp words when he puttered to her car and fumbled for her car door. She regarded him as an idiot since she had nothing to do with him. When she finally saw her son in the newsreel, a great change took place. Blank and empty like an idiot' s as his face was, it caused a great stir in her mind. When Jerry grimaced with his mouth and the hand with the ring was lifted to catch the twitching, trying to hold it, Marian could hardly control her deep feelings. When Jerry's eyes were focused straight out, Marian drowned completely in those vacant eyes. No boredom, no annoyance, and even no unpleasant feelings any more! With this kind of feeling in her mind, it caused a 180' turn in her mind when she saw the doorman the second time. He sat on the curb with his knees doubled over into the gutter, sleeping. His head thrown back against a telephone pole. His hands were thrown down on the cement of the sidewalk, no longer trembling, but abandoned. Nor was his head trembling and shaking. His face asleep was

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beautiful. He was not old nor bloated as she had thought him, but. thin and defenseless as the sleeping young are, beautiful, and an idiot. Selected Snobberies by Aldous Huxley

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. Yes, the author thinks that people are snobbish about everything in the world.

2. Snobbish self-importance is the motive for disease-snobbery. 3. Snobberies ebb and flow. For example, what were good snobberies a hundred years ago are now out of fashion. The snobbery of family is everywhere on the decline, while the malefic influences of booze-snobbery are rapidly spreading all over the world.

4. The author thinks that booze-snobbery is repulsive and has malefic influences on the world.

5. (1) Because of economic reason, modernity-snobbery has become so popular in modem society. The public is taught that up-to-dateness is one of the first duties of man.

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(2) The author thinks that modernity-snobbery is not a healthy trend for modernity-snobs tend to throw away their old possessions and buy new ones, which causes a waste. 6. (1) No. Platonic art-snobs are not truly interested in art.

(2) Unplatonic art-snobs like to buy the works of art by living artists, thus they provide living artists with the means of subsistence.

7. (1) The value of snobbery in general, its humanistic \"point\ (2) I agree with the author.

8. Each group of people have their own mostly highly esteemed snobbery, so people in different positions have different attitude toward a certain kind of snobbery. 9. (1) I approve of culture-snobbery.

(2) Culture-snobbery forces people to spend more time on cultural activities, which will make the world less dangerously unsafe.

10. Modernity-snobbery and money-snobbery even

power-snobbery are the common snobberies in China today.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.

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1．几乎很想加上一句：没有什么东西不能引起人的势利感。

2．一些较为与众不同的疾病，能够并常常是使人感到势利、自以为了不 起的根源。

3．因为势利也有起有落，他们的帝国也以一致公认的历史方式兴起、衰 落、消亡。

4．几乎同样反映了我们这个时代特征的是令人厌恶的对狂饮的势利。 5．新潮势利感虽不是我们的时代独有的，却在我们这个时代具有了空前 的重要性。

6．当然，与此同时，生产者也必须做出自己的贡献，只生产最易损坏的 东西。

7．收集艺术作品是收集文化象征，而文化象征则还意味着社会声望。 8．他们这些人加上少数出于对艺术品本身的喜爱而买画的怪人，足够使 活着的艺术家维持生计。

C.Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary. 1. permissible 2. reiterated 3. judicious 4. lavish 5. detest 6. docile

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7. snobbish 8. complacent

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. proud . 2. credible 3. judicious 4. reiterated 5. happy

6. problematical 7. obedient 8. lavish

E. Explain the underlined word in English. 1. to give too much care and pity

2. the snobbery of being from a famous family 3. with its very unpleasant effects 4. and strictly relates to economy

5. Because of the development of new machines, … much more than 6. This … is just what he does

7. is not collecting art works for art' s sake

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8. are somewhat snobbery

F. Translate the following into English:

Huxley expressed in this article that most people are snobs about something. He said that some people are even snobbish about some diseases. I have never met with ant disease - snob all my life. In China, during the Cultural Revolution, the most fashionable snobberies in fashion were family-snobbery and snobbery of ignorance and stupidity. Twenty years later, modernity-snobbery becomes very popular now. Our media desperately encourage this trend. TV ads persuade people to buy new products. What's more, they try hard to make you feel that you should be ashamed if you don't possess things in the latest fashion. Since fashion means being rich, and being rich means being capable. He who can resist the flood of propaganda has his own judgment.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic. Comment on the Author' s View on Booze - snobbery and Culture -snobbery. Booze-snobbery was born of American Prohibition. To show their importance, the rich developed

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a special taste for hard drinks in general and for cocktails in particular. In some circles it was even creditable for well - brought - up men and women of all ages to be seen drunk, if not in public, at least in the very much tempered privacy of a party. Culture - snobs are snobbish about cultural symbols such as art works because they carry social prestige. It is a good way to show one's wealth. The author was disgusted at booze - snobbery while reproached the culture - snobbery mildly because culture snobbery compelled the philistines to pay at least some slight tribute to the things of the mind so helped to make the world less dangerously unsafe for ideas than it otherwise might have been.

Saturday Night and Sunday Morning by Alan Sillitoe

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

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1. Arthur was fishing along the canal. 2.Yes, he caught one fish. 3. He set the fish free.

4. He wanted to give the fish one more chance to live. 5. Like fish, everyone in the world was caught, somehow, one way or another, and those that weren't were always on the way to it.

6. Arthur thought that if a person refused all the bait in life, life would be as dull as ditchwater.

7. Arthur was not satisfied with the government and the society, for they provided no freedom and tranquility. 8. Arthur had to work bard during week days and relaxed himself by certain activities such as fishing on weekends. I think his way of life is admirable.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.

1．他直起腰身，用手指快速地从绕线轮上放出尼龙线。

2．不远处还有一个人在运河边独自垂钓，不过阿瑟知道他们可以互 不干扰各钓各的鱼。

3．在垂钓的宁静中想起的事情是美妙的。 4．虽然诱饵意味着麻烦，你不可能永远忽视它。 5．他把鱼杆牢牢地固定在河岸上，站起来，伸了伸腰。

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6．当系裤子时，他看见浮标猛烈地摇动。 7．所以当鱼钩叉人你嘴中时，你可别抱怨。

8．我每天的生活中注定都要遇上麻烦，因为麻烦一直存在而且还要 继续存在下去。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its from when necessary. 1. solitary 2. clogged 3. decay 4. disengage 5. grumbling 6. licking 7. rope in 8. wrestling

D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. releasing 2. tranquility 3. collapsed 4. grasped

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5. execute 6. concerning 7. remaining 8. violent

E. Explain the underlined words in English. 1. was seen by him

2. they would keep in distance

3. your own master to decide everything for yourself 4. sign of a fish biting the bait, which will be lucky 5. temptation

6. with much concentration 7.saved

8. to keep good relationship with

F. Translate the following into English.

Arthur enjoys going fishing by the canal on Sunday morning. After six days’ exhausting physical labor, he'd like to get away from the factory and the city as soon as possible, and go to the quiet countryside to sit by the river fishing alone. He considers it the best way for relaxation and forgetting all the

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troubles. The factory is so dirty, so stinking and so ugly that you don t wish to stay for one more minute. The country is as beautiful as a painting: fresh air, bright spring scene, green trees and grasses everywhere, and delicate fragrance of the earth. The factory is the hell while the country is the Paradise.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic \"Sunday Fishing\". Arthur sat by the canal fishing on a Sunday morning in spring, at an elbow where alders dipped over the water like old men on their last legs, pushed by young sturdy oaks from behind. The sun was breaking through clouds, releasing the smell of earth to heaven. Birds sang. Arthur enjoyed the tranquility of fishing. To him, going to the countryside was the best way for relaxation after the week' s exhausting physical labor. To him, a man is very much like a fish. Like a fish constantly tempted by a bait, a man is always tempted by something better. Bait means trouble. But if you went through life refusing all the bait dangled before you, that would be no life at all. No changes would be

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made and you would have nothing to fight against. Life would be as dull as ditchwater.

Is America Falling Apart (abridged)

by Anthony Burgress

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text.

1. The Italian Government was unstable, and things were expensive. People were not satisfied with their lives. 2. Italians took their life humorously, for they were familiar with the bitterness of living.

3. Americans were psychologically unprepared for one

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thing to go wrong as a prewar country.

4. For the desire for possessions must eventually mean dependence on possessions. Freedom is slavery. .

5. American services decay and the means of transportation run down.

6. (1) Americans have realized that they are not only the world's biggest consumer, but also the world' s biggest polluter.

(2) They are conscious of guilt but unable to reform, which leads to neurosis.

7. America has always despised its teachers and the teachers worked rigidly from the approved rigidly programmed primers. But there was no spark, no daring, no madness, no readiness to engage the individual child's mind.

8. The Vietnam War made Americans realize they are also subject to evil.

9. American young must not lie taken as guides since they have been misguided.

10. Americans should demand from their government amenities for the many, of which adequate state

pensions and sickness benefits, as well as nationalized

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transport, should be priorities.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.

1．新的欲望产生了，对欧州人来说是希奇的奢侈品，而对美国人 来说只是普通的必需品。

2．在私有制占优势的地方，公共性的便利设施不是衰败就是难以 存在。

3．害怕离经叛道的思想在美国教师的灵魂中根深蒂固，踏上创新 之路，你就可能被解雇。

4．但是和其他所有商品一样，短暂的心醉神迷需要去购买，从经 济角度来看，消极的生活意味着寄生状态。

5．美国青年本意是好的，但是误人歧途，因此不能再把自己当作 领路人。

6．文学常常对骚动不安或表面看来崩溃的社会环境做出极好的反 应。

7．我的意思并不是说美国人应坐着等待一个怀疑与绝望的过度阶 段自行消失。

8．有负罪感总是值得钦佩的，但不应让这种负罪感变成神经质。

C. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary: 1. at the seams

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2. choked

3. have the grace 4. in terms of 5. callous 6. subject to 7. neurotic 8. repentance

D. Circle the right word or expression from the brackets in each of the following sentences: 1. dogged 2. transition 3. clamoring 4. Condemnation. 5. consciousness 6. anguish 7. partial 8. amenity

E. Explain the underlined words in English. 1. are prepared to stop working at any time 2. I became a real American

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3. are dying because of gas pollution

4. People are more and more lacking interest in consuming. 5. that it is very hard to dissolve 6. without interference from British Empire

7. should be pioneers in finding our the problem and the solution

8. expose the problems in order to put them right

F. Translate the following into English.

Many people believe that education in America is first - class in the world. But the author has his own point of view that there exist serious problems in American education. The poor quality of the American education is not because of the low level of the teachers.The teachers are conscientious and responsible. The problem is that the teachers work rigidly from the approved rigidly programmed primers and they are afraid of being fired. As a result, they won't be able to turn out rare talents. Another problem in American education is that the children are not taught to respect and receive the cultural heritage of mankind. What the author is concerning about is the elementary education. Is it same for the middle and higher education?

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G. Write a short passage of t50 - 200 words in English on the topic \"Do you Agree with the Author’s Opinions about the American young?\" The youth of America has always been in the vanguard of the discovery of both the social disease and the cure. They were always the first to realize that Americans were subject to original sin as much as Europeans were. Yet, they were not courageous enough to face the problem, rather, they took a way of escaping the cruel reality. To manifest their essential innocence, they built little neo-Edens to break away from the hateful sinners, their elders and their leaders. To confirm that the paradisial vision was available to all who sought it, they took drugs. They were well-meaning but misguided. Firstly, they built communes on an agronomic ignorance that does violence to life; Secondly, drug-takers, out of their economic problems, turned to be criminals. So, the youth of America must not be taken as guides.

Through the Tunnel

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by Doris Lessing

课后练习 (Exercises on the text)

A. Answer the following questions on the text:

1. They were at the seaside; they were having their holidays. 2. Yes, he was.

3. He wanted to do something more thrilling like diving with the other boys.

4. Yes. She was worrying about his safety and meanwhile she was thinking she might have kept him too close. 5. They were going through a tunnel.

6. Because he had to stay under the sea for quite some time, unable to breathe.

7. No, he wasn't. When they went away from him, he cried openly, fists in his eyes.

8. Yes, he succeeded after persistent training.

9. They deeply loved each other and tried to understand each other.

10. Yes, To be a man one should be brave, persevere and independent.

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B. Translate the following into Chinese.

1．她皱起眉头，挖空心思在想杰里心渴望从事什么样的娱乐活动。 2．她决心对儿子既不过多地束缚又不缺少爱心。

3．他们明白了他不过是个外国人。从他那边的海滩游过来，于是他 们不再理睬他。

4．杰里跳入水中，飞快地超过潜水的孩子们，然后立即浮出水面。 5．刚站满了大男孩的礁石，随着他们的离去，似乎减轻了重量而升 出水面。

6．他越数越快，想催他们快点游，尽快游到水面上来。 7．但是海水太刺眼了，他什么也看不见。

8．他把泳镜戴紧，吸足了气，脸朝下，浮在水面上。

C. Fill in the blanks in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary. 1. swerves off 2. nagging 3. groping 4. scattered 5. motionless 6. blurted out 7. craving 8. unbearable

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D. Circle the right word or expression in the brackets in each of the following sentences. 1. unfailing

2. uncomprehending, incomprehensible 3. relieved 4. weighed 5. removed 6. effortlessly 7. persistence 8. tormented

E. Explain the underlined words in English. 1. the usual time 2. controlling … care … 3. unusual

4. felt ease at seeing his mother 5. at a short distance

6. an eagerness that overtook him 7. welcomed 8. notion

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F. Translate the following into English.

Jerry was tired of sunbathing and swimming. He wanted to dive to the bottom of the sea to have a look, and play together with other boys. But, he felt he should not leave his widowed mother alone. The mother is very considerate to the son, thinking that he should stay on the safer beach so that she could take care of him while fearing that he might feel Mother is possessive, trying to keep him close. The son .was already 11 years old. He should be let free, going to where he liked. He could look after himself without her. When Jerry swam far away, he kept looking back to see if his mother was still on the beach.

G. Write a short passage of 150 - 200 words in English on the topic \"Jerry' s Underwater Experience\". Jerry plunged down the sea with the goggles and saw a black wall of rock rising sheer out of the floor of perfectly clean, shining, white sand. Again and again he groped over the surface of the rock and finally succeeded in finding the entrance of the tunnel. He clung with his hands to the edges of the hole, got his head in, found his shoulders jammed, moved them in sidewise, and

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was inside only as far as his waist. He knew that he must learn to control his breathing before he was able to get through it. He practiced for two days by lying on the bottom of the sea as long as possible with a big stone in his arms. Now he was almost sure that he could make it.

匡威整理 祝大家顺利通过考试！

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