2 写作要领：语言，思想内涵 第一段：说明现状 第二段：列举原因
第三段：归纳总结，提出建议 二 模板解说 1 对立观点型
第一段：引出有正义的两个观点
第二段：对两个观点分别进行详细的论述，可以分两小段进行
第三段：总结，陈述自己的观点
1.1例1：Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? 1) 名校校园正成为旅游新热点； 2) 校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同； 3) 我认为。。。。。。 1.2模板一 第一段：
Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in _____ .(点明新热点)
Therefore, there is a hot debate over
_______.(切入话题) 第二段：
Some people are in favor of the idea of ______.(概述一方观点)
They believe that _____. ( 详述理由一) They also argue that ______.( 详述理由二) 第三段：
However, other people stand on a different ground.（概述另一方观点）
They consider _____. (详述理由一)
What’s more, they firmly point out that ____.( 详述理由二) 第四段：
There is some truth in both arguments.(双方各有道理)
But I think the advantages of ____ overweigh the disadvantages.(但是利大于弊)
In my opinion, ____ .( 总结自己的观点) 1.3 范文
Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?
(1)Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in visiting campuses of famous universities. (2)Therefore,a hot debate arises over whether the university campus should be open to tourists.
(3)Some people are in favor of the idea of opening it to the public. (4)They believe that the atmosphere of famous universities can motivate student visitors to seek more knowledge. (5) They also argue that as more tourists come to visit, these universities can make themselves known to more people.
(6)However, other people hold an opposite viewpoint. (7)They consider that with tourists pouring into campuses, the beauty of the campus will be ruined. (8)What’s more, they firmly point out that the normal teaching activities will be disturbed.
(9)There is some truth in both arguments. (10)But I think the advantages of opening them outweigh the disadvantages.
(11)In my opinion, university campuses should be open to tourists. 1.4 练习
Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? 1) 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是。。。。。。 2) 也有人持不同意见。。。。。。 3) 我的看法和打算。 模板
第一段：A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test.
But as to the view of _____, there are some controversies among people.(提出问题) 第二段：
Many people hold that ____.(概述一方观点) In the first place,____.(详述理由一) In the second place,_____(详述理由二) 第三段
Some people,however, take a different attitude.(转折，承上启下)
They consider _____.( 概述另一方观点)
There are two reasons for this.(引出原因) One is that ___.( 详述理由一)
The other is that ____.( 详述理由二) 第四段
As for me,____.(阐述自己的观点) So I _____.(得出结论) 2 道理论证型
2.1第一段：开篇引出题目要求评论的观点，并给出不同看法；
第二段：详细阐述这些看法的立足理由及其优劣之处；
第三段：总结并给出自己的见解。 2.2例：It Pays to Be Honest 1) 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象； 2) 诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。 2.3 模板 第一段：
It is true that _____.(指出普遍的观点) However, ______.(叙述不同的观点) 第二段：
I think _____.(提出自己的观点，即文章的论点)
The reasons can be listed as follows.（开始论证）
Firstly,______.(论证理由一) Secondly,______.(论证理由二) For example,_______.(举例) Thirdly,______.(论证理由三)
A case in point is that ______.(举例) 第三段：
It goes without saying that (不用说)——.(指出
执行该观点时的注意事项)
In conclusion,_______.(总结全文) 2.4 范文It Pays to Be Honest
(1)It is true that most of us value honesty highly. (2)However, nowadays we often confront confidence crisis such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities and so on.
(3)I think that we should be honest. (4)The reasons can be listed as follows. (5)Firstly, only honest people can be truly respected by others for a long period of time. (6)Secondly, honesty, as a traditional virtue of Chinese people, can make our life easier and
more harmonious. (7)For example, if fewer students cheated in exams , exams would be made much simpler. (8)Thirdly, honesty can make our society more stable. (9)A case in piont is that Singapore, a society featuring trust and integrity, has a comparatively low crime rate.
(10)It goes without saying that being honest is of great benefit to both the community and individuals. (11)In conclusion, honesty should be encouraged in our society. 3 问题解决型
第一段：引言，对现状，形势或困难进行描述，提出问题；
第二段：途径与方法，列举做某事的途径或解决问题的各种方法；
第三段：评价或选择，对第二段中提及的途径和方法进行简要评价，或选取其中一两种自己认为合适的，阐述其依据。
3.1 How to Succeed in a Job Interview? 1）面试在求职过程中的作用；
2）取得面试成功的因素：仪表，举止谈吐，
能力。专业知识，自信，实事求是…… 3.2 模板
第一段：————。（铺垫，提出问题） On the one hand, _______.(理由一) On the other hand, ______.(理由二) 第二段：
Therefore, how to _____ is worth paying attention to.（承上启下，提出要解决的问题） Firstly,_____ (办法一) Secondly, _____.(办法二)
For example, ______ (举例说明办法二) Thirdly, ______.(办法三)
In this way, _____( 预期结果)
第三段：In brief,_____.(总结全文) 3.3 范文
How to Succeed in a Job Interview? With the development of the job maket, interviews play an important role in job-hunting. On the one hand, a job interview offers both interviewees and interwers a chance to know each other within quite a short time. On tne other hand, excellent
performance in an interview will enable the interviewees to make a good impression upon the interviewer and finally get the job.
Therefore, how to succeed in job interview is worth paying attention to. Firstly,interviewees should have some knowledge about the company and the position they apply for. Secondly, interviewees should have self-confidence.For example, being too modest is not welcome to most human resources professionals.Thirdly, interviewees should dress neatly and properly. In this way, interviewees could show that they attach vital importance to the job.
In brief, if the interviewee takes the advice and makes better preparations, he is more likely to be employed. 3.4训练
How I Finance My College Education
1） 上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通
过多种途径解决
2） 哪种途径适合于我（说明理由）
第一段：
Currently,_____.(引出话题)
Thus how to _____ has become a matter of concern.(提出问题)
These following channels are possible _____.（阐述能解决问题的办法） 第二段
As far as I am concerned, ______.（简述自己是如何解决问题的）
On the one hand,_____.( 一方面) Moreover, ____.(进一步阐述) Anyway,______.(总结)
On the other hand, _____.(另一方面)
第三段：In view of this, _____.(得出结论) 4 解释说明型
4.1 例：On Students Selecting Lecturers 1）有些大学生允许学生自己选择某些课程的任课老师；
2）学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素是。。。。。。
3）学生自选任课老师的益处及可能产生的问题。
4.2模板 第一段：
Nowadays, there is a hot debate about _____.(提出问题) 第二段：
A number of factors contribute to ____.( 概述，引出对问题的分析)
On the one hand,____( 一方面) On the other hand,_____(另一方面) 第三段：Clearly, there are both advantages and disadvantages as to the view of this matter.(概述不同观点)
For one thing,_____.(一方面) For another,_____.（另一方面） In general,_____.(得出结论) 4.3范文
On Students Selecting Lecturers
Nowadays,there is a hot debate about whether students should be allowed to have optional choices of their teachers.
A number of factors contribute to students’ decision on choosing teachers.On the one hand,
teachers’ personalities play a significant role in this issue, which include a good sense of humor, being easy to communicate with and open-minded. On the other hand, it is likely that opinions from other students have an impact on the decision.
Clearly, there are both advantages and disadvantages as to the view of this matter. For one thing, students enjoy more freedom than before. For another, some top teachers might be ignored if they are not able to meet students’ taste. In general, both students’ and teachers’ rights should be respected. 4.4 训练 The Two-day Weekend 1)双休日给大学生带来的好处； 2）双休日可能给学生带来的问题； 3）我应当怎样过好双休日。 模板
第一段：
The two-day weekend has brought many advantages____.(主题句，引出双休日的好处) Most importantly, _____.(论述最重要的一点)
For example, ______.(举例说明)
Consequently, ______.（ 带来的后果）
第二段：However,the two-day weekend may possible cause problems.(主题句，引出双休日可能引起的问题)
For instance,_____.(举例说明) ————。（进一步阐述） As a result, _____.(带来的后果) 第三段：
By drawing useful lessons from them, I will _____.(引出自己的应对计划) On the one hand, ______.(一方面)
One the other hand, ______.( 另一方面) In conclusion, ______.(总结) 5 谚语型
第一段：对格言警句的理解，开门见山引出格言警句，并对其进行解释；
第二段：例证一，可以使用学习，生活中的事例来说明其寓意，若有必要，引用第二个例证进一步说明；
第三段：结束全文，总结句可以与文章主题呼应。
5.1例：Practice Makes Perfect 1) 怎样理解“熟能生巧” 2) 例如：在英语学习中。。。。。。 3) 又如。。。。。。 5.2 范文
Practice Makes Perfect
It is well-known to everyone that “Practice makes perfect.” This self-evident proverb means doing something repeatedly is the only way to become expert on it.
Learning a foreign language like English is a case in point, You must pactice listening, speaking,reading and writing so as to acquire the language.Otherwise, you will clean forget about it. Dancing is another example to prove the proverb. You may be amazed at a wonderfull dance show. But if you know how much time dancers have spent practicing it, you will not be surprised at the beauty any more. It is through practice that dancers become skillfull at it.
A lesson that we can draw from the above
examples is obvious.
Only through repeated practice can one be good at doing things.
二 应用文写作 1 书信
1.1 信头（Heading） 由小到大
th
美式：Jan.30,2002; Jan.30,2002; Jan.30
th
2002; Jan.30 2002
英式：30 Jan, 2002; 30th Jan.,2002; 30 Jan.
th
2002; 30 Jan. 2002
1.2 信内地址（Inside Adress） 1.3 称呼（Salution） 1.4 正文（Body）
1.5 结束语（Complimentary Close） 1.6 签名（Signature） 1.7 格式示意
English Department
Beijing City University
(信头) 269 Mid Road of North Loop-4
Bijing, 100083
People’s Republic of China
April th
18, 2006
Prof. Green
Warner Books （信内地址） 444 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10022 U.S.A
1.8 第一段：告知对方你的身份，简述写信的原因； 第二段：详细解释写信的意图（建议，
批评，投诉，申请 ，邀请，感谢，道歉等）；
第三段：发出请求，提供帮助，表示
感谢，或期盼回信等。
1.9 例Letter in Reply to a Friend 1)建议报考的专业及理由； 2）报考该专业的基本条件； 3）应当如何备考。
Letter in Reply to a Friend
Dece
mber 27th, 2003
Dear X,
I am very happy to learn that you
want to apply to our university.You are welcome to be one of us. When it comes to which major you should choose, I suggest that you apply for Computer Science. To begin with, this is one of the best specialized programs in our university. What’s more, Computer Science majors are more likely to find well-paid jobs.
In order to study at the Department
of Computer Science, you have to meet the following requirements. First of all, you have to reach the minimum score set
Entrance Examination. In addtion, you have to be good at mathematics.
Aa far as the preparation is
concerned, you should on the one hand review all the required lessons. On the other hand, you’d better spend some time on English. Only by careful preparations can you hope to
enroll in our university.
Best wishes!
Yours truly, Li Ming 1.10 训练
A Letter to the University President About the
Canteen Service on Campus
假如你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应
涉及食堂的饭菜质量，价格，环境，服务等，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。 2 致欢迎词
A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction
Ladies and gentlement, welcome to Mount Huangshang. It’s
my great pleasure to serve as your tour guide. I hope you will have a good time during the trip.
First, I want to introduce the schedule to you. We have to get on
the bus after breakfast, at 7 a.m. It takes an hour for ue to get the entrance of the mountain. 8 p.m. is the end of the whole day’s tour. If any of you have questions, please don’t hesitate to ask me at any time.
Now, it’s time to introduce our scenery briefly. Mount
Huangshan is one of the most famous scenic spots in China, perhaps in the world. The Welcoming Guests pines with their fascinating shapes are a wonder of Mount Huangshan. It is no wonder that Xu Xiake, a well-known geographer of the Ming Dynasty noted:”…it is not worth seeing the Five Great Mountains if you have been to Mount Huangshan.” I am sure you are looking forward to it. Let’s start.
三 记述文 1 交代背景 2 详略得当 3 条理清楚
例：An Eyewitness Account of a Traffic Accident
假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点： 1） 车祸发生的时间及地点
2） 你所见到的车祸情况 3） 你对车祸原因的分析
My name is Li Ming. I am an English major in Peking University. A week ago, I saw a traffic accident in a rainy day, which still sticks in my mind. It was about 9:00 on Saturday morning,June 15th. I was taking to my friends on the sidewalk near my university when I heard a sudden noise of clash of metals. It happened just at the crossing nearby. A motorbike was hit by a taxi. I went up and found that the motorbike was badly damaged. The driver was groaning on the ground, bleeding. The street turned chaotic.
According to the stopping track on the road, it is clear that motorbike failed to see the car coming from behind a truck. On the other hand, the taxi driver was driving too fast in such a rainy day.
Anyway, I believe accidents may be avoided if everyone drove slowly.
训练 The Day My Classmate Fell Ill 1) 讲述一下这位同学生病（或受伤）的情况 2) 同学，老师和我是如何帮助他（她）的 3) 人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是
四 图表作文 第一段：描述现状。 第二段：分析原因。 第三段：结论和启示。
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