名词性从句思维导图样稿

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名词性从句思维导图

表一：主语从句

表一：主语从句	（1）由连词that 引导主语从句。			That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想取得奖牌看起来是不可能。That she survived the accident is a miracle. 她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹
	（2）用或或 whether 引导主语从句。			Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery. 她们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑，仍然是个谜。 When they will come hasn’t been made pubic. 她们什么时候来还不知道。Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much. 她来不来全部无关紧要。
	（3）用引导主语从句。			What you need is more practice. 你所需要是更多训练。 Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。Whatever we do is to serve the people. 我们不管做什么全部是。
	固定使用方法和译法	（1） It is +名词+从句	It is good news that … ……是好消息It is a question that … ……是个问题淘豆It is a fact that… 事实是…… surprise 等。www.taod It is common knowledge that … ……是常识		网这一切是怎么发生是个谜。 It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. It is a mystery to me how it all happened. o~~cs.~~com It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.
		（2） It is +形容词+从句	It is necessary that … 有必需…… It is clear that … 很清楚…… It is likely that … 很可能…… It is important that … 关键是…… 类似形容词还有：strange; natural; ; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.		It is obvious that conductors and insulators are both important in industry. 很显著导体和在工业中全部很关键。 It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. 她是否能来令人怀疑。 It is essential that he should be here by the weekend . 周末之前，她应该到这里是必需。 It seems obvious that we can not go on like this. 很显著我们不能这么下去了。

表一：主语从句

固
定
使
用
方
法
和
译
法

（3） It is +过去分词+从句

It is said that … 听说……
It is reported that … 据报道……
It has been proved that … 已证实……
It must be proved that… 必需指出……
类似过去分词还有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.

It is thought that he is the best player. 大家全部认为她是最好选手。

It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars. 过去一直认为新星是因为两颗星星之间碰撞产生。

It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic. 还没搞清楚这条路将开始通车

（4） It ++从句

It seems that … 仿佛是……
It happened that… 恰巧……
It follows that … 由此可见…… It has turned out that … 结果是……

类似还有：seem, appear, occur, follow, happen, turn out, etc. 淘www.ta

It turned out that nobody remembered the address.

结果是无人记得那个地址。

It now appears that they are in urgent need of help.

淘网（当“ + 宾语”较短时，也可用这种结构。 It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later. 没有赶上这趟火车没相关系，稍晚还有一趟。）
oocs.com

It +一些固定结构+ 主语从句。

比如：It doesn’t make too much difference （It doesn’t make any difference / It doesn’t alter the situation），whether it rains or not . 下不下雨全部没有多大关系。

It does not make any difference whether it rains or not . 下不下雨没什么分别。

It does not make the least difference to me what you do. 对我来说你做什么全部无关紧要。

Is it of much consequence to you that Mr. Wang has failed to do it ? 王先生没有做成这件事对你有什么

关键影响吗？

3. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how，它们起连接作用，作句子成份，各有自己意义。

表二：宾语从句

表二：宾语从句	一、宾语从句连接词	1. 连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成份，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。	eg. He knew （that） he should work hard.
		2. 连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成份，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。通常情况下，if 和whether 能够交换，但以下3 种情况只能用whether：a.在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided. b.在介词前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain. 淘豆c.和or not 连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.	eg. Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming.
		3. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how，它们起连接作用，作句子成份，各有自己意义。
	二、宾语从句语序	陈说语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成份”www.taod	cs.com 尤其强调：它主语和谓语语序是陈说语序，而不是疑问句倒装 The teacher asked the students what they were doing. （ √）
		陈说句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态改变,语序不变。	eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” → She said she would leave a message on the desk.
		通常疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态改变,后面接陈说语序。	Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. → I asked him where the tickets are.
	三、时态呼	假如主句谓语是通常现在时或未来时，从句谓语时态不受；假如主句谓语时态是通常过去时，从句通常要伴随改为对应过去时态（通	eg. I thought （that） you are free today. （╳）I thought （that） you would be free today. （ √）【注意】当宾语从句叙述是客观真理时，不管主句谓语时态怎

表二：宾语从句	应。	常过去时、过去进行时、过去未来时、过去完成时）				样，从句全部用通常现在时。eg. The teacher told us （that）the earth moves around the sun.
	四、注意宾语从句语气	1. 宾语从句通常见陈说语气，不过，当主句谓语动词为advise, insist(果断主张), suggest(提议), require, request, order, ask(要求)等表示请求、命令、要求、主张意义动词时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，即用“should+动词原形”(should 往往能够省略)。			she insisted that he (should) go there with her. 她果断要求她跟她一起去那儿。The doctor suggested that she (should) take more exercise every day. 医生提议她天天多进行锻炼。
		2. 但当insist 表示“坚持说”，suggest 表示“暗示、表明”，ask 表示“问”时，宾语从句用陈说语气		He insisted that he didn’t steal her watch. 她坚持说她没有偷她手表。 His smile suggested that he did well in the interview. 她微笑表明她面试得很好。
		3. 动词wish 后宾语从句也要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用过去式(针对现在情况而言)、过去完成时(针对过去情况而言) 而言)。淘或用“would / should / could / might +动词原形”(针对未来情况			I wish I were a bird. 我期望我是一只鸟。网 I wish we lived on the moon now. 我期望我们现在住在月亮上。
	五、注意宾语从句否定问题行否定。 ww当否定宾语从句时，通常直接对从句谓语动词进		I know that he won’t tell a lie to us. 我知道她不会对我们说谎。 He said he hadn’t been to america before. 她说她以前没有去过美国。没有副词修饰时，宾语从句否定应该转移到主句谓语动词上。如：I don’t think that he will come to 不过，当主句谓语动词为think, believe, suppose, imagine等，若时态为通常现在时，谓语动词前又

表三：表语从句

定义

在一个复合句中其表语部分是一个句子，这个当表语句子就是表语从句。表语从句在连系动词以后。

表
三：表
语
从
句

连系动词

1.be 动词

2. 感官动词

look“看起来像是”

smell“闻起来”

sound“听起来”

taste“尝起来”

feel “摸起来，给……感觉”

3. 表改变词

seem,“似乎，仿佛” appear,“显得，看起来仿佛” keep, “保持……状态” remain,“仍是”

stay“保持（某种状态）” prove “证实是” get“变成，变得……起来” fall“进入（某种状态）

grow“逐步变得……起来，长得” turn“转变成（新和原来完全不一样色彩或性质），变质（色）

go “变成（某种坏状态） become “变成，成为（好坏均可情况） come “变成为（已知状态）等

(1) that 和
whether 引导表语从

句

That 仅起连接作用，无意义，whether 意为“是否”，在从句中也不充当任何成份。。

2. The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。
1. The fact is that he doesn’t really try. 事实是她没有做真正努力。

ww~~w.ta~~odocs.com

4. 主句主语常常是些抽象，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(提

议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等.

(2)连接代词

what,
which,
who,
whom,
whose 等

1. That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干事情。（what 在复合句中连接主句跟从句，意思是事情，在从句中作宾语）
2. That is what is called UFO.那个就是被叫做UFO 东西。（what 意为东西，在从句中作主语）
3. The dress is which I buy for my mom.这件礼服是我买给我母亲。（which 意思是那件，在句子中作宾语。

4. The question is who (m) we should trust. 问题是我们应该相信谁。（who 意思是谁，那个人，在句子中作宾语）5. The girl is whose leggs got hurt during the earthiquake. 那个女孩就是脚在地震中受伤人。(whose 意为何人，在从句中作

表三：表语从句			定语)
	（3）连接副词	连接副词有when, where, how, why 等	1. That was when I was fifteen. 这是我15 岁时发生事。 2. That’s where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她地方。3. The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们怎样找到她。4. That’s why he didn’t come. 这就是她没有来缘故。
	（4）其它连接词和短语	1）由as if / as though 引导	as if / as though 表示仿佛意思， Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在仿佛她认识米莉已经有好多年了似。
	（4）其它连接词和短语	2）由because, why 引导表语从句	That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因为她没有了解我。 (That's because...强调原因) 那正是她对我生气原因。 (That's why...强调结果) what 引导主语从句表示结果或名词reason 作主语时，后面表语从句表示原因时要用that 引导，不宜用because。The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 我难过原因是她没有了解我。。 That's why he got angry with me.
	注意	（╳）The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. （√）The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 2. 不能够用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。www.taodocs.com 1. 表语从句一定要用陈说语序。（╳） The question is if the enemy is marching towards us. （ √）The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. （ √） It looked as if he had understood this question. 3. 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句复合句中，主句时态和从句时态能够不一致。（ √）The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow. （ √） The question is why he cried yesterday. 4. that 在表语从句中不能够省掉。5. 使用虚拟语气表语从句在表示提议、劝说、命令含义名词后表语从句，谓语动词需用"should+动词原形" 表示，should可省略。常见词有：advice，suggestion, order,

proposal, plan, idea 等。

e.g.：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我提议是我们明天一早就出发。

表四：同位语从句

表
四
同
位
语
从
句

定义

用于对前面名词作深入解释，说明名词具体内容。通常由that 引导，但也能够由whether 和和引导。

常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, promise, doubt, thought, message, words 消

息	information, wish, answer, evidence,

report, explanation,suggestion, conclusion，possibility 等抽象名词后面，说明该名词具体内容。

l have no idea when he will be back．我不知道她什么时候回来。

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 她必需回复她是否同意这么一个问题。We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if 不能引导同位语从句。It is a question how he did it. 那是一个她怎样做问题。淘豆网
Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?

【注意1】在一些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution 等)后面同位语从句要用虚拟语气 ww should+

ww w.~~tao~~docs.com The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则提议是提出。

引
导
词

隶
属
连
词

that

无词义，在从句中不担

任句子成份，有时可省

略。

主语从句

It is important that we should learn English well.

宾语从句

He told us (that) he felt ill.

The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.

表语从句

The fact is that we have lost the game.

表四同位语从句	引导词	隶属连词
					同位语从句	The news that we won the game is exciting.
			whether/ if as if	if/whether, as if 虽有词义，但在从句中不作句子成份。	主语从句	Whether he will accept the invitation remains a secret.
					宾语从句	Attitude determines whether/if people are successful and able to enjoy life. Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
					表语从句	It looks as if it is going to rain.
					同位语从句	He was tortured(折磨) by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.
		连接代词	what which who whom whose	有词义，在从句中作成份，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 ww	主语从句	Who will win the match is still unknown.
					宾语从句	She wondered what he had done.
						That’s just what I want.
					w.ta	od~~ocs.~~com

表五：考点梳理

表五：考点

【考点一】考查名词性从句引导词

“一分二划三看”三步法

“一分”即分清从句类型：
即分清从句是哪一个名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）
“二划”即划分出从句
“三看”即看从句句意是否完整：
1. 句意不完整→缺连接代词：①指人时，用who, whoever（作主语）；whom, whomever（作宾语）;②指物时，用what, whatever（作主语、宾语）
；which, whichever（作主语、宾语）。 2. 句意完整→缺连接副词：①指时间时，用when；②指地点时，用where, wherever；③指原因时，用why；④指方法时，用how。

梳理

表五：考点梳理

3. 句意完整→缺不作成份连词:①有含义用if, whether（是否）；②无含义用that。

【考点二】考查名词性从句语序问题

在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句句首外，其它部分应用陈说语序。而考生们往往使用疑问语序，尤其是在以wh引导名词性从句中。克服这个问题关键是要找准从句主语。在试题设置上会经过宾语从句、表语从句语序来考查，尤其是部分和特殊疑问句相关宾语从句或表语从句。

①These shoes look very good. I wonder _____.

A. how much cost they are

B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost

D. how much are they cost

解析：选C。依据题干中及物动词wonder 可知,how much 引导宾语从句，而名词性从句要用陈说语序，故排除疑问语序B、D 两项;A 项能够改为how much they cost 或how much they are worth。故选C 项。

【考点三】考查宾语从句中否定转移

否定转移关键针对宾语从句。在宾语从句中，当谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect/consider 等表示“认为、相信、猜测”意义词，而且主语是第一人称，时态是通常现在时，形式上是否定主句谓语动词否定词，实际上否定是宾语从句。在反意疑问句中，其中附加问句要和从句保持一致，而且要把否定词转移到从句中去。I don’t believe he treated the child like that, did he?

②I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, ______?

A. hadn’t you 解析：选B。题干中be sure 同believe, 而且句子主语是第一人称，时态是通常现在时，所以附加问句（反意疑问句）和从句保持一致。 B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t I

【考点四】考查形式主语、形式宾语

当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，为了避免“头重脚轻”，常常将从句后置，而用it 作形式主语，置于句首。动词后接复合宾语，也可用it 作

It is a pity that he can’t attend the party.

We consider it necessary that he should improve his grammar.(that 不能够省略)

③______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 形式宾语。不能用this 或that 来替换it。

A. There B. This C. That D. It

解析：选D。分析题干可知，it 作形式主语，替换真正主语 that 从句。

【考点五】考查名词
性从句中
虚拟语气

(1)主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句全部会包含到虚拟语气，部分表示提议、要求、命令动词，如insist（坚持）/suggest

（提议）/order（命令）/request（要求、请求）/require（要求）/recommend(提议)/urge(催促,力劝)等后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即

“should+do（动词原形）”，其中should 能够省略。对应名词作主语跟表语从句，或对应名词跟同位语从句，也要用虚拟语气。不过假如有

其它意义则例外，如suggest 表示“暗示”时,所跟宾语从句就用陈说语气。

The teacher suggested that we (should) have a rest.

It is suggested that he should adapt himself to new conditions.

My suggestion that he should adapt himself to new conditions hasn’t been accepted.

利用

My suggestion is that we (should) read English newspapers to improve our English.

(2)主语从句中一些句型，如It’s necessary/essential/strange/apity/a shame/no wonder；It’s (high) time that ...等句型中也常见虚拟语气，组成形式也是“should+动词原形”。

It is necessary that we should master a foreign language.

It is high time that the children should go to school.(should 不能够省略)

表六：难点

表六：

难点

【难点一】that 省略问题

用一个合适词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确
I believe ______ you have done your best and ______ things will get better．

解析：that 在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位从句时，通常不省略。在引导宾语从句时,that 能够省略。当由两个that 引导从句作同一个动词宾语时，第二个that 不可省。故第一个空可填that，也可不填;第二空填that。

②当that 作介词宾语时，that 不可省略。 The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.③当宾语从句被it 替换时，that 不可省略。 She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with the decision.
下列情况that 不可省略：

I’m sure that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it. ④有插入语或其它成份把宾语从句和主句分开时，that 不可省略。 He thinks, I’m afraid, that he is always right. ⑤当that 引导宾语从句主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时，that 不可省略。 They said that rubbing the girl’s leg might help. ③当that 引导宾语从句中状语紧靠that 时，或that 从句中含有主从复合句时，that 不可省略。

⑥从句主语是that 时，that 不可省略。She says that that is a real gold ring.

【难点二】whether 和
if

用一个合适词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确
①The question _______ he will go or not has not been decided.

⑦Please let me know _______ you want to go.

解析：whether 能够引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，而if 不能够。在引导宾语从句时whether 能够和or not 直接连用，或是作介词宾语，不过if 不能够。所以第①题填whether;第②题填whether 或if 皆可。

只能使用whether 情形以下：①主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。1.Whether he will succeed is still unknown． 2.The question is whether it will rain.

②介词后宾语从句中只用whether。 That depends on whether they will come by bus.

③后面直接跟动词不定式时只用whether。 He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.

④宾语从句中既可用whether 也可用if 引导，不过若后面紧接or not 时，只能用whether。

We didn’t know whether or not she was ready.

【即学即练】⑦Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and ________ it is rough or smooth.

A. /

B. whether

C. how

D. what

解析：选B。依据前面动词tell 可知,and 连接两个并列宾语，因以后面是宾语从句，由从句中or 可知答案。

表六：

难点

【难点三】that 和what

用一个合适词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确

①My opinion is _______ everyone of us takes out $5 for Jane’s birthday present.

② _______ she said puzzled him.

解析：that 和what 引导名词性从句根本区分在于that 在所引导名词性从句中不作任何成份，只起连接作用;what 在所引导从句中能够作主语、

宾语、表语、定语等成份。所以第①题填that;第②题填What。

⑧One advantage of playing the guitar is ______ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.

A. how B. why C. that D. when 单项填空

⑨ ______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.

解析：选A。从题干is 看出前面是主语从句，从句中没有主语，所以用连接代词what。B、C 两项是连接副词，在从句中作状语,故排除。 A. What B. Why
解析：选C。从句表示就是one advantage 具体内容，is 后是表语从句，从句中成份完整，所以所填引导词不作任何成份，故选C。

【难点四】wh-ever 和
no matter

用一个合适词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确
① _____ wants to see this film can go with us tonight.

② ______ cold it is, I will go to school.

解析：疑问词+ever 和 no matter+疑问词区分是：前者既能够引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，以后者只能引导让步状语从句。第①题空白处引导主语从句，须填whoever;第②题空白处引导让步状语从句，填however 或how 皆可。

【即学即练】
单项填空

⑩Could I speak to ______ is in charge of International Sales, please?

表六：

难点

wh-

A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who

解析：选C。依据后面是句子能够确定用连词，故排除A、B 两项。介词to 后面跟宾语从句，而no matter who 仅能引导状语从句，故选C。

The poor young man is ready to accept _____ help he can get.

A. whichever

B. however

C. whatever

D. whenever

解析：选C。依据及物动词accept 和后面动词help 可知,考查宾语从句，而从句中help 是名词，所以引导词应该作定语。故选C。

【难点五】引导同位语从句和定语从句that 区分

用一个合适词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确
①The news ________ he told me yesterday is not true.
②The news _______ he will go to Beijing is not true.

义或内容；定语从句中关系代词that 在从句中充当主语或宾语，在充当宾语时常可省略，定语从句是对先行词限定和修饰。分析上述两题可知，第①题是定语从句，故填which 或that;第②题是同位语从句，故填that。
解析：同位语从句中连词that 只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成份且不能省略，同位语从句通常放在有抽象含义名词后，用以解释名词含

【难点六】it 作形式主语主语从句和强调句和定语从句

①It was in the hotel ______ he stayed that we discussed the serious problem.②It is only lately ______ he had a family himself. 用一个合适词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确③It is natural ______ they should have different views.

解析：强调句句型结构是It is/was+被强调部分+that, 假如去掉It is/was...that 句子仍然成立。经过分析可知，第①题空白处引导是定语从句，故填where;第②题是强调句，故填that;第③题是主语从句，故填that。

多个共性问题：

1．连接方法
（1）在由连词that, whether, if 引导中，在句中不做成份，在和中，that 能够省略。

（2）在由who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever 引导中，其在句中起名词

性作用，担当一定成份。

（3）在由when, where, why, how 引导名词性从句中，其在句中作状语。

2．whether 和if 区分

（1）whether 在引导中能够置于句首，而if 则不能。

（2）whether 能够和or not 连用，or not 能够紧跟在whether 以后，也能够置于从句末尾；if 通常不能和or not 连用。

（3）、和介词（即在be 和介词以后），只能用whether 连接，而不用if。（4）从句是否定式时，通常见if, whether 极少用在否定式从句中。

比如：I don’t care if he doesn’t come . 假如她不来，我也不介意。

The problem is whether we can out the plan. 问题是我们是否能实施这项计划。

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